Work Place Violence - 1059 Words

Business Assets Protection April 4, 2014 Week 3 Violence in the workplace continues to be a major concern and recently the concern has been growing by situations that have taken place. An assault, or threat of an assault, directed toward a worker on duty falls under the category of workplace violence. There are a lot of issues that can cause workplace violence. Stress, economic hardship and the inability to control anger are all some issues that can lead to health and safety issues. OSHA, as well as state and government agencies give practical guidelines to establish safe working environments, the role of a manager is very important in aiding in the prevention of workplace violence. Manager/supervisors responsibilities†¦show more content†¦The first step would be for a team to be established to help with the design of the physical protection system. The team could include individuals from security, senior management, human resources, finance, fire, safety, and legal to name a few. Having multiple individuals involved gives multiple minds of different information that can be helpful. Identify the objectives of the PPS and then work off of that to establish how to meet those objectives. Establishing multiple layers of security is needed in a PPC. As many deterrence’s as possible so that individuals would know that they wouldn’t be effective. Of course being able to identify an issue as far away from the asset is important. As an example a facility that has cameras at the doors, security guards, name tags for all employees, and scan cards to enter certain areas has multiple layers of deterrent. Ideally an individual would not make it clos e to the asset without being identified. The primary functions of a PPS are detection of the adversary, delay of the adversary, and response of security personnel. A manager would have to fully understand the PPS so that they would be able to help. They would also need to train the employees on what to do in the situation of a work place violence issue. All employees need to understand the proper procedures so that they are not interfering with security responding or jeopardizing their ownShow MoreRelatedHorizontal violence and The Effects on Nurses and Patients Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages Horizontal violence is not a topic that medical faculties discuss on a day-to-day basis, but it is an enormous problem within the health care system. In this research the author looks at bulling from a registered nurse (r.n.) aspect .The effects on patient centered care can be detrimental for patients and r.n.’s. The work place needs to be a safe place for not only the patients but also the employees. With the rise of new graduate nurses who are employed by the medical facilities, they too areRead MoreProposal to improve Employee Safety in the Work place1644 Words   |  7 PagesProposal to improve Employee Safety in the Work place Mr. Dunnah the purpose of this memo is to inform you that the Research into improving Workplace Safety is now finish and ready for your review. I have look at the statistics on work place violence over the past three years, 2011 through 2013. As I stated in my earlier memo I feel, that this is a very important need for the employees, management, and the business. Millions of workers face violence in the workplace every year and it is theRead MoreThe Method Section Of The Final Research Proposal1562 Words   |  7 PagesProposal To get a clear understanding of what causes workplace violence, negativity and employees not speaking up within an organization a Quantitative research survey methods will be used, â€Å"primary and secondary research†. In the primary research a survey will be presented to participants to gain insight on their feeling toward workplace violence, negativity and employees refusing to speak up about the occurrence within their work environment. The secondary research to help assist in the studyRead MoreEssay Violence and Aggression in the Workplace is on the Rise861 Words   |  4 Pages In the early 1980s aggression and violence in the workplace have been a source of a lot of public discussion. (Piquero pg.383) The issues have risen again recently and have mostly been present in management and business fields. Workplace aggression often includes â€Å"behavior by an individual or individuals within or outside organizations that is intended to physically or psychologically harms a worker or workers and occurs in a work related†. (Schat Kelloway Pg. 191) A national survey ConductedRead MoreThere Is Currently A Critical Global Shortage Of Nurses1222 Words   |  5 Pagesreasons is that nurses are at an increased risk for work related stress particularly in specialty areas such as mental health nursing. Psychiatric nurses are frequent victims of burn out and workplace violence because of the nature of patients they serve, the demands of the institution, and the shortage of trained staff. According to Qi et al. (2014), â€Å"Nurses working in mental health hospitals have been found to suffer from higher levels of work-related stress, as they are frequently exposed to violentRead MoreThe Issues Of The Nursing Profession1693 Words   |  7 Pagesof the nursing profession include work place violence, short staffing and hazardous environments. Research shows that these issues have been inflating across the country, and require immediate solutions to stem this growing tide. Thesis Statement Even though nursing has great benefits such as health insurance, great pay, and the fact that you get to help people, nursing has many issues. Some of the issues of the nursing profession include work place violence, short staffing and hazardous environmentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1154 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Workplace violence is defined in the OHSA as the exercise or attempted exercise of physical force by a person against a worker, in a workplace, that causes or could cause physical injury to the worker, or a statement or behavior that it is reasonable for a worker to interpret as a threat to exercise physical force against the worker, in a workplace, that could cause physical injury to the worker(ecentennial reading). ). It can happen at or outside the working environmentRead MoreHow Workplace Violence Within Today s Organizations987 Words   |  4 PagesViolence in the workplace is becoming one of the fastest growing issues in today’s work environment. Workplace violence can include acts or threats of violence, harassment, aggressive behavior, intimidation of others or any unbecoming behavior that can lead to violence. It can range from idol threats to actual physical abuse and effects employees, clients, customers or visitors. This paper will discuss some statistics and give examples on workplace violence within today’s organizations. CategoriesRead MoreNursing Workplace Incidence of Violence Essay examples588 Words   |  3 PagesIn today’s world violence can be expected anywhere at any time. This includes what was considered at one time a low risk area, the medical facility. Today the incidence of violence is increasing. There are two types of violence the first is lateral violence or aggression which is amongst hospital or medical personal. The other is external factors consisting of patients or visitors instituting violence or aggression among themselves or against healthcare workers. This is known as a code grey in myRead MoreViolence Tends To Threaten The Organization Of Society.1648 Words   |  7 PagesViolence tends to threaten the organization of society. In today’s society violence is permeated in almost every aspect of our daily lives. Violence in our society enters our homes, workplace, and schools and especially in the media. Violence is the intentional action or inaction causing phys ical, sexual and psychological injury, including battering, pornography, sexual assault, incest, child abuse and sexual harassment. Advertisers use sex to get our attention and they make claims about their product’s

Child Labor Childhood, Emotional, And Spiritual...

Child labor can cause children to have mental, emotional, and spiritual development for the children. In 2012, 44.6 million children of Asia are working at factories at the age of 5-17. At the same year, 11.6 percent of the children from China were in child labor at ages 10-14. Child labor affects the child’s education, which will cause them to be uneducated which will also affect their future. Some of the children in child labor might even die because they do not get enough sleep and does not get full each meal because of dangerous working conditions. Some children wake up early to work but does not stop working until very late at night. Children do not get the pay they deserve even when they are very poor and needs these money for their family. Many children are in child labor because their families are poor and can not afford for them to go to school, which will affect their education and also their future. Most of the children who are in child labor live on the countryside , which is poor. Families in the countryside do not have enough money to pay for health care or might not have enough money to raise a child. Many families in this situation would choose to sell their children to factories or to work as slaves. After the child is sold, the family members will not know how much pain the child is in. If the child did not listen to the owner, the child would get punished, either whipped or be beaten hardly with a shovel. Children who were in child labor lived in a small,Show MoreRelatedChild Labor : Childhood, Emotional, And Spiritual Development For Children Essay2793 Words   |  12 PagesChild labor can cause children to have mental, emotional, and spiritual development for the children. In 2012, 44.6 million children of Asia are working at factories at the age of 5-17. At the same year, 11.6 percent of the children from China were in child labor at ages 10-14. Child labor affects the child’s education, which will cause them to be uneducated which will also affect their future. Some of the children in child labor might even die because they do not get enough sleep and does not getRead MorePoverty, Child Labor, And Child Hunger1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe social issues that are currently happening in today s society are children in poverty, child labor, and child hunger. Children in poverty is a typical social issue occurring in society today. â€Å"More than 16 million children in the United States – 22% of all children – live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level† (â€Å"National Center For Children In Poverty,† n.d.). The federal poverty level measures the amount of income a family takes in per year. It varies depending on the numberRead MoreFather s Role As A Child s Development1478 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing very important to a child s development and brings out positive benefits when they’re actively involved. A father who is involved ensures a sufficient amount of cognitive ability, supports the child s educational achievements and awareness of overall health and social behavior. Fathers are more than just the second adult in the home. When involved fathers, biological or not, they bring positive benefits to a child that no other person is likely to bring. A child without a father figure i nRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Problem Within The U.s. Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Trafficking Human Trafficking is a problem within the U.S. and Globally. Human trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may involve providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the withdrawal of organs or tissues, including for replacement and ova removal. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. Human trafficking is a crime against the personRead MoreWhat Happens During The Prenatal Period And The Early Years Of A Child s Life2315 Words   |  10 Pagesyears, interactions with parents, family members, and other adults and children influence the way the brain develops, as do such factors as nutrition and environmental safety. Although it is never too late to improve health and well-being, what happens during infancy and toddlerhood sets the stage for the journey through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Pre-Natal Period The first stage of labor encompasses the onset of labor to the complete dilatation of the cervix, and is subdivided into latentRead MoreChild Abuse in India2816 Words   |  12 Pagesurban poor in India are forcing growing numbers of children to toil often in subhuman conditions. They are deprived of their most basic rights as children, including education and a joyful childhood. Most have never been to school or dropped out at very youngages.despite of the fact that 9% of the world’s children live in India. 42% of India’s total population are aged below eighteen.India is home to almost 19 percent of the world’s children,child protection has remained largely unaddressed. In manyRead MoreThe Median Household Income2085 Words   |  9 PagesManagement and Budget, â€Å"using the consumer price index, the average income for poverty for a family of four was $23,492† (www.CongressionalDigest.com 13). In 2012, 21.8% of children under the age of eighteen lived in poverty, (16.1 million) (www.CongressionalDigest.com 13). â€Å"The U.S recession has pushed the number of poor children to the highest level since 1994† (Duncan, Kalil, and Ziol-Guest 28). A small segment of the population of top earners are doing far better than they ever had before whileRead MoreResponsible Parenthood2167 Words   |  9 Pagesaspiration of the family and children. The size of a family should be a shared responsibility of a couples or parents based on their available resources and the standard of living they wish to achieve. The family, in its varying forms, constitutes the primary focus of love, acceptance, and nurture, bringing fulfillment to parents and child. Healthful and whole personhoods develops as one is loved, responds to love, and in that relationship comes to wholeness as a child of God. Importance of havingRead MoreChildren s Lack Of Protection Essay2391 Words   |  10 PagesVulnerable children Introduction - children vulnerability and Marginalization in this era are big problem in the country. Many issue related to children Vulnerability and Marginalization as that children poverty, discrimination, violence, child abuse are broad theme. Now should need care and protection while abuse and violence, child sexual abuse, streets children, children living with AIDS, child in armed conflict, girl child, children with disability, children affected by substance abuse, birthRead More Child Labor Essay example1876 Words   |  8 PagesChild labor is considered as a form of child abuse, it being the exploitation of a child’s rights and freedoms. Therefore, child labour is when underage children are employed, this happens because a child labourer is paid less than an adult labourer. Consequently employers have more children working for them because they spend less paying the children. â€Å"Child labor usually means work that is done by children under the age of 15 (14 in some developing countries) that restricts or damages a childs

Culture of Great Britain free essay sample

Contentss 1 Artistic and cultural life in Britain. 2 Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren. 3 Westminster Abbey. 4 St. Paul # 8217 ; s Cathedral. 5 The Tower of London. 6 Festivals of music and play. 7 The Bath Festival. 8 The Chichester Theatre Festival. 9 The Welsh Eisteddfod. 10 The EdinburgFestival. 11 The national musical instrument of the Scots. 12 Music and instrumentalists. 13 Art Galleries. 14 The art of moving. 15 British Drama Theatre today. CULTURE of GREAT BRITAIN Artistic and Cultural Life in Britain Artistic and cultural life in Britain is instead rich. It passed several chief phases in its development. The Saxon King Alfred encouraged the humanistic disciplines and civilization. The main debt owed to him by English literature is for his interlingual renditions of and commentaries on Latin plants. Art, civilization and literature flowered during the Elizabethan age, during the reign of Elizabeth I ; it was the period of English domination of the oceans. It was at this clip that William Shakespeare lived. The imperium, which was really powerful under Queen Victoria, saw another cultural and artistic hey-day as a consequence of industrialization and the enlargement of international trade. But German air foraies caused much harm in the First World War and so during the Second World War. The lunacy of the wars briefly interrupted the development of civilization. Immigrants who have arrived from all parts of the Commonwealth since 1945 have non merely created a mixture of states, but have besides brought their civilizations and wonts with them. Memorials and hints of past illustriousness are everyplace. There are edifices of all manners and periods. A great figure of museums and galleries display cherished and interesting discoveries from all parts of the universe and from all phase in the development of nature, adult male and art. London is one of the prima universe Centres for music, play, opera and dance. Festivals held in towns and metropoliss throughout the state pull much involvement. Many British dramatists, composers, sculpturers, painters, authors, histrions, vocalists and terpsichoreans are known all over the universe. Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren Inigo Jones was the first adult male to convey the Italian Renaissance manner to Great Britain. He had studied in Italy for some old ages, and in 1615 became Surveyor-General of the plants. The manner he built in was pure Italian with as few alterations as possible. His edifices were really un-English in character, with on a regular basis spaced columns along the forepart. His two most radical designs were the Banqueting House in Whitehall and the Queen s House at Greenwich. The program of the latter, wholly symmetrical, with its rigorous classical inside informations and the principal suites on the first floor, influenced architecture in Britain. But non during the life-time of Inigo Jones. All those who followed him had to accommodate this new foreign edifice technique to English ways and English clime, English edifice stuffs and English craftsmen. Christopher Wren was the adult male who did it. He was a mathematician, an uranologist and, above all, an discoverer. He invented new ways of utilizing traditional English edifice stuffs, brick and ordinary roofing tiles, to maintain within the bounds of classical design. He, like Inigo Jones, was appointed Surveyor-General to the Crown when he was about 30 old ages old, and about instantly he started reconstructing the churches of London, burnt down in the Great Fire of 1666. Wren s churches are chiefly known by their beautiful steeples, which show in their construction the greatest technology cunning.But Ch. Wren besides influenced the design of houses, both in town and in the country.The best-known edifices designed by Ch. Wren are St. Paul s Cathedral in London and the Sheldonion Theatre in Oxford. The period of the Industrial Revolution had no natural manner of its ain. Businessmens wanted art for their money. The designer was to supply a frontage in the Gothic manner, or he was to turn the edifice into something like a Norman palace, or a Renaissance castle, or even an Oriental mosque. For theaters and opera houses the theatrical Baroque manner was frequently most suited. Churchs were more frequently than non built in the Gothic manner. The 20th century has seen great alterations in Britain s architecture. St. Paul # 8217 ; s Cathedral It is safe to state that the three most celebrated edifices in England are Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and St. Paul s Cathedral. St. Paul s Cathedral is the work of the celebrated designer Sir Christopher Wren. It is said to be one of the finest pieces of architecture in Europe. Work on Wren s chef-doeuvre be # 173 ; gan in 1675 after a Norman church, old St. Paul s, was de # 173 ; stroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. For 35 old ages the edifice of St. Paul s Cathedral went on, and Wren was an old promenade before it was finished. From far off you can see the immense dome with a aureate ball and cross on the top. The inside of the Cathedral is really beautiful. It is autumn of memorials. The most of import, possibly, is the 1 dedicated to the Duke of Wellington. After looking unit of ammunition you can mount 263 stairss to the Whispering Gallery, which runs round the dome. It is called so, because if person susurrations near to the wall on one side, a individual with his ear near to the wall on the other side can hear what is said. But if you want to make the pes of the ball, you have to mount 637 stairss. As for Christopher Wren, who is now known as # 8216 ; the designer of London # 8217 ; , he found his celebrity merely after his decease. He was buried in the Cathedral. Buried here are Nelson, Wellington and Sir Joshua Reynolds. Those who are interested in English architecture can analyze all the architectural manners of the past 500 or 600 old ages in Cambridge. The Chapel of King # 8217 ; s College is the most beautiful edifice in Cambridge and one of the greatest Gothic edifices in Europe. It is built in the Perpendicular manner. Its foundation rock was laid in 1446, but it was completed 69 old ages subsequently. The inside of the Chapel is a individual exalted aisle and the stonework of the walls is like lacing. The Chapel has a fantastic fan-vaulting which is typical of the churches of that clip. We admire the accomplishment of the designers and trades work forces who created all these fantastic edifices. Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey is a all right Gothic edifice, which stands opposite the Houses of Parliament. It is the work of many custodies and different ages. The oldest portion of the edifice day of the months from the 8th century. It was a monastery the West Minster. In the eleventh century Edward the Confessor afteryears spent in France founded a great Norman Abbey. In 200 old ages Henry III decided to draw down the Norman Abbeyand construct a more beautiful one after the manner so balling in France. Since so the Abbey remains the most Gallic of all English Gothic churches, higher than any otherEnglish church ( 103 pess ) and much narrower. The towers were built in 1735-1740. One of the greater glorifications of the Abbey is the Chapel of Henry VII, with its delicate fan-vaulting. The Chapel is of rock and glass, so wondrous cut and sculptured that it seems unreal. It contains an interesting aggregation of blades and criterions of the # 8216 ; Knights of the Bath # 8217 ; . The Abbey is celebrated for its stained glass. Since the faraway clip of William the Conqueror Westminster Abbey has been the coronating topographic point of the male monarchs and Queenss of England. The Abbey is sometimes compared with a mausoleum, because there are graves and commemorations of about all English sovereigns, many solons, celebrated scientists, authors and instrumentalists. If you go past the brilliant gravestones of male monarchs and Queenss, some made of gold and cherished rocks, past the gold-and-silver streamers of the Order of the Garter, which are hanging from the ceiling, you will come to Poets # 8217 ; Corner. There many of the greatest authors are buried: Geoffrey Chaucer, Samuel Johnson, Charles Dickens, Alfred Tennyson, Tho # 173 ; mas Hardy and Rudyard Kipling. Here excessively, though these authors are non buried in Westminster Abbey, are commemorations to William Shakespeare and John Milton, Burns and Byron, Walter Scott, William Makepeace Thackeray and the great American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Here in the Abbey there is besides the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, a symbol of the state # 8217 ; s heartache. The lettering on the grave reads: # 8216 ; Beneath this rock rests the organic structure of a British Warrior terra incognita by name or rank brought from France to lie among the most celebrated of the land # 8217 ; In the Royal Air Force Chapel there is a memorial to those who died during the Battle of Britain, the celebrated and decisive air conflict over the district of Britain in the Second World War. The Tower of London The Tower on the north bank of the Thames is one of the most ancient edifices of London. It was founded in the 11thcentury by William the Conqueror. But each sovereign left some sort of personal grade on it. For many centuries the Tower has been a fortress, a castle, a prison and royaltreasury. It is now a museum of weaponries and armor and as one of the strongest fortresses in Britain, it has the Crown Jewels. The gray rocks of the Tower could state awful narratives of force and unfairness. Many sad and barbarous events took topographic point within the walls of the Tower. It was here that Thomas More, the great humanist, was falsely accused and executed. Among celebrated captives executed at the Tower were Henry VIII s married womans Ann Boleyn and Catherine Howard. When Queen Elizabeth was a princess, she was sent to the Tower by Mary Tudor ( # 8216 ; Bloody Mary # 8217 ; ) and kept captive for some clip. The Corvus coraxs whose sires used to happen nutrient in the Tower still live here as portion of its history. There is a fable that if the Corvus coraxs disappear the Tower will fall. That is why the birds are carefully guarded. The White Tower was built by William the Conquerorto protect and command the City of London. It is the oldest and the most of import edifice, surrounded by other towers, which all have different names. The Tower is guarded by the Yeomen Warders, popularly called # 8216 ; Beefeaters # 8217 ; . There are two letters, E.R. , on the frontof their adventitias. They stand for the Queen s name ElizabethRegina. The uniform is as it used to be in Tudor times. Their mundane uniform is black and ruddy, but on province occasions they wear a ceremonial frock: all right ruddy province uniforms with the aureate and black chevrons and the broad lacing neckband, which were in manner in the sixteenth century. Every dark at 10 p.m. at the Tower of London the Ceremony of the Keys or locking up of the Tower for the near takes topographic point. It goes back to the Middle Ages. Five proceedingss before the hr the Headwarder comes out with a clump of keys and an old lantern. He goes to the guardhouse and calls: # 8216 ; Escort for the keys # 8217 ; . Then he closes the three Gatess and goes to the lookout, who calls: # 8216 ; Halt, who comes at that place? # 8217 ; Headwarder answers: # 8216 ; The Keys # 8217 ; . # 8216 ; Whose Keys? # 8217 ; demands the lookout. # 8216 ; Queen Elizabeth s Keys # 8217 ; , comes the reply. # 8216 ; Advance Queen Elizabeth s Keys. All s good # 8217 ; . The keys are eventually carried to the Queen s House where they are safe for the dark. After the ceremonial everyone who approaches the gate must give the watchword or turn away. Festivals of Music and Drama Post-war old ages have witnessed a important addition in the figure of festivals of music and play though non plenty has been done to affect the general populace in these activities. Some of the festivals, nevertheless, are widely popular and it is with these that the book trades. A figure of other festivals of music and play, less good known but sufficiently of import to be mentioned, are besides included in the list below. The Bath Festival The figure of festivals held in Britain every summer goes on and on increasing but few are every bit good established or extremely thought of, peculiarly in the wider European scene, as the Bath Festival. In June when the metropolis is at its most beautiful the festival attracts some of the finest instrumentalists in the universe to Bath, every bit good as 1000s of visitants from Britain and abroad. Under the artistic way of Sir Michael Tippett, composer, music director and one of the greatest heads in British music today, the festival presents a programme of orchestral and choral concerts, vocal and instrumental narrations and chamber music, so good suited to the beautiful 18th century halls of Bath. The scope of music included is broad and immature performing artists are given chances to work with some of the taking names in their Fieldss. But the festival is non all music. The programme normally includes talks and exhibitions, sometimes concert dance, opera, play, or movies, every bit good as Tourss of Bath and the environing country and houses non usually open to the populace, frequently a costume ball, possibly poetry the assortment is eternal. Much goes on in the metropolis at festival clip and many administrations produce a bewildering complexness of events to provide for all gustatory sensations from bike races and beer gardens to a gigantic one twenty-four hours festival of common people and blues. The Chichester Theatre Festival The celebrity achieved by the Edinburgh Festival, to state nil of the big figure of visitants that it brings every twelvemonth to the Scots capital, has encouraged many other towns in Britain to organize similar festivals. Those at Bath, Cheltenham and Aldeburgh have all become considerable artistic successes, even if they have nt brought every bit much concern to these towns as the local tradesmans had hoped for. The latest festival town to fall in the list is Chichester, which has earned a great trade of prestigiousness by edifice, in record clip, a big theater keeping over one thousand five 100 people. Here will be held each twelvemonth a theater festival in which many stars from the London phase will be eager to take part. The first season scored a considerable success. The repertory consisted of an old English comedy, a sixteenth- century calamity and a production of Chekhov s # 8220 ; UncleVanya # 8221 ; in which every portion was taken by a top star. But the main involvement of the Chichester Festival is the new theater itself, which has an apron phase. Most of you will cognize that the apron phase, which was common in Shakespeare s twenty-four hours, undertakings out into the auditorium. With an apron phase there is no apron arch, or phase sets of the sort we are used to in the modern theater. This calls for the usage of an entirely different technique on the portion both of the participants, who have their audience on three sides of them alternatively of merely in forepart, and the manufacturer. The participants must do proper usage of their voices, which, to a coevals accustomed to muttering into mikes, is non easy. C hichester itself is a little state town in the bosom of Sussex, and the theater stands on the border of a beautiful park. Unlike Glyndebourne where the full audience wears flushing frock, the apparels worn by the audience at Chichester are much less formal ; but as the festival is held in the summer the pretty frocks of the adult females make an attractive image as they stand and dish the dirt outside the theater during the intervals, or snap headlong refreshments from their autos in the park. The Welsh Eisteddfod No state in the universe has a greater love of music and poesy than the people of Wales. Today, Eisteddfod is held at tonss of topographic points throughout Wales, peculiarly from May to early November. The wont of keeping similar events dates back to early history and there are records of competitions for Welsh poets and instrumentalists in the 12th century. The Eisteddfod sprang from the Gorsedd, or National Assembly of Bards. It was held on occasion up to 1819, but since so has become an one-year event for the encouragement of Welsh literature and music and the saving of the Welsh linguistic communication and ancient national imposts. The Royal National Eisteddfod of Wales is held yearly early in August, in North and South Wales alternately, its existent locale changing from twelvemonth to twelvemonth. It attracts Cambrian people from all over the universe. The programme includes male and assorted choirs, brass-band concerts, many kids s events, play, humanistic disciplines and trades and, of class, the ceremonial of the Crowning of the Bard. Next in importance is the great Llangollen International Music Eisteddfod, held early in July and attended by rivals from many states, all have oning their picturesque and frequently colorful national costumes. It is an event likely without parallel anyplace in the universe. There are at least 25 other major Eisteddfods from May to November. In add-on to the Eisteddfod, about 30 major Welsh Singing Festivals are held throughout Wales from May until early November. The Edinburgh Festival It is a good thing that the Edinburgh Festival hits the Scots Capital outside term clip. Not so much because the University inns and pupils # 8217 ; digs are needed of provide adjustment for Festival visitants but because this most stimulating juncture allows no clip for anything mundane. It gives intelligent recreation for most of the 20 four hours each weekday in its three hebdomads ( it is non tactful to inquire about Sundays you explore the environing terrain so ) . The programmes ever include some of the finest chamber music ensemble and soloists in the universe. There are plentifulness of matinees ; flushing concerts, opera, play and concert dance public presentations normally take topographic point at conventional times but the floodlighted Military Tattoo at Edinburgh Castle evidently does nt get down till after twilight, and tardily dark amusements and the Festival Club can take you into the early hours of the forenoon. In recent old ages, approximately 90,000 people have flocked into Edinburgh every twelvemonth during the three hebdomads at the terminal of August and early September. The 90,000, of class, does non include the really big Numberss of people who discover pressing grounds for sing their Edinburgh dealingss about this clip, nor the many 1000s who come into the metropolis on twenty-four hours trips from all over the state. They would nt all come, twelvemonth after twelvemonth, to a metropolis bursting to capacity if they did nt happen the journey eminently worth-while. They find in Edinburgh Festival the great orchestras and soloists of the universe, with top-class opera thrown in ; celebrated concert dance companies, art exhibitions and taking play ; the Tattoo, whose dramatic coloring material inspires many a hurried claim to Scottish lineage. Since the Festival started in 1947 as a gesture of the Scots Renaissance against post-war asceticism, much has blossomed around it. Every hall in the metropolis is occupied by some recreation: and you may happen Shakspere by perforating an antediluvian near off the Royal Mile, or plain-song in a local church. Fringe events bring executing organic structures from all over Britain and beyond, and pupil groups are ever outstanding among them, responsible frequently for interesting experiments in the play. Then there is the International Film Festival, conveying docudramas from possibly 30 states ; Highland Games, and all kinds of other gambits from marionette to exposure shows. The National Musical Instrument of the Scots The bagpipewas known to the ancient civilizations of the Near East. It was likely introduced into Britain by the Romans. Carvings of bagpipe participants on churches and a few words about them in the plants of Chaucer and other authors show that it was popular all over the state in the Middle Ages. Now bagpipes can be seen and head merely in the northern counties of England, in Ireland and in Scotland where it was introduced much later. Bagpipes have been used badly most European states. It is besides native to India and China. In Scotland the bagpipe is foremost recorded in the sixteenth century during the reign of James I, who was a really good participant, and likely did much to do it popular. For long it has been considered a national Scottish instrument. The sound of the bagpipes is really rousing. The old Highland kins and subsequently the Highland regiments used to travel into conflict to the sound of the bagpipes. The bagpipe consists of a reed pipe, the # 8216 ; melody pipe # 8217 ; , and a gasbag, which provides a regular supply of air to the pipe. The trachea is filled either from the oral cavity or by a bellows, which the participant works with his arm. The melody pipe has a figure of holes or keys by agencies of which the melody is played. Music and Musicians The peopleliving in the British Isles are really fond of music, and it is rather natural that concerts of the taking symphonic music orchestras, legion folic groups and pop music are really popular. The Promenade concerts are likely the most celebrated. They were first held in 1840 in the Queen s Hall, and subsequently were directed by Sir Henry Wood. They still con # 173 ; tinue today in the Royal Albert Hall. They take topographic point electron volt # 173 ; ery dark for about three months in the summer, and the programmes include new and modern-day plants, every bit good as classics. Among them are symphonic musics and other pieces of music composed by Benjamin Britten, the celebrated English instrumentalist. Normally, there is a short winter season enduring for about a two weeks. The audience may either listen to the music from a place or from the # 8216 ; promenade # 8217 ; , where they can stand or saunter approximately, or, if there is room, sit down on the floor. Concerts are seldom given outdoorss today except for concerts by brass sets and military sets that play in the Parkss and at seaside resorts during the summer. Folk music is still really much alive. There are many disgusting groups. Their harmoniousness vocalizing and good temper win them friends everyplace. Rock and pop music is highly popular, particularly among younger people. In the 60s and 70s groups such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Who, Led Zeppelin and Pink Floyd became really popular and successful. The Beatles, with their manner of singing new and excit # 173 ; ing, their fantastic sense of temper became the most successful dad group the universe has of all time known. Many of the celebrated vocals written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney are still popular. Some of the more recent stone groups are Eurhythmics, Dire Straits, and Black Sabbath. British groups frequently set new tendencies in music. New staff and manners continue to look. One of the most popular modern-day instrumentalists and composers is Andrew Lloyd Webber. The musicals and stone operas by A. L. Webber have been a great success both in Britain and overseas. The celebrated English composer of the nineteenth century was Arthur Sullivan. Together with William Gilbert, the author of the texts, he created 14 light operas of which eleven are on a regular basis performed today. In these operettas the English so successfully laugh at themselves and at what they nowcall the Constitution that W. S. Gilbert and A. Sullivan will ever be remembered. ArtGalleries If you stand inTrafalgar Square with your dorsum to Nelson s Column, you will see a broad horizontal forepart in a classical manner. It is the National Gallery. It has been in this edifice since 1838 which was built as the National Gallery to house the aggregation Of Old Masters Paintings ( 38 pictures ) offered to the state by an English Private aggregator, Sir George Beamount. Today the image galleries of theNational Gallery of Art exhibit plants of all the Euro # 173 ; pean schools of picture, which existed between the 13th and 19th centuries. The most celebrated plants among them are # 8216 ; Venus and Cupid # 8217 ; by Diego Velazquez, # 8216 ; Adoration of the Shepherds # 8217 ; by Nicolas Poussin, # 8216 ; A Woman Bathing # 8217 ; by Harmensz new wave Rijn Rembrandt, # 8216 ; Lord Heathfield # 8217 ; by Joshua Reynolds, # 8216 ; Mrs Siddons # 8217 ; by Thomas Gainsborough and many others. In 1897 the Tate Gallery was opened to house the more modern British pictures. Most of the National Gallery aggregations of British pictures were transferred to the Tate, and merely a little aggregation of a few chef-doeuvres is now exhib # 173 ; ited at Trafalgar Square. Thus, the Tate Gallery exhibits a figure of interesting aggregations of British and foreign modern picture and besides modern sculpture. The aggregation of Turner # 8217 ; s pictures at the Tate includes about 300 oils and 19,000 watercolors and drawings. He was the most traditional creative person of his clip every bit good as the most original: traditional in his devotedness to the Old Masters and original in his creative activity of new manners. It is some # 173 ; times said that he prepared the manner for the Impressionists. The modern aggregation includes the pictures of Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso, Marc Chagall and Salvador Dali, Francis Bacon and Graham Sutherland, Peter Blake and Richard Hamilton, the main innovators of pop art in Great Britain. Henry Moore is a celebrated British sculpturer whose plants are exhibited at the Tatetoo. One of the sculpturer s chef-doeuvres the # 8216 ; Reclining Figure # 8217 ; is at fees Headquarters of UNESCO in Paris. The Art of Acting From the autumn of the Roman Empire until the tenth century, moving barely existed as an art in Western Europe ; merely the roving folk singers gave amusement in palaces and at carnivals. In England, the first existent histrions were amateurs who performed Miracle and Morality dramas, which were spiritual in character. In the Elizabethan age, the first professional theaters were opened. At the clip of Shakespeare there were at least six com # 173 ; panies of histrions. Shakespeare himself joined the Earl of Leisester s company, which under James I became known as the # 8216 ; King s Men # 8217 ; . There were besides companies of boy histrions. All the adult females s parts were played by male childs. It was really hard for most histrions to gain a liv # 173 ; ing on the phase, even in a London company, and many of them fell into debt. When Shakespeare arrived in London in 1586, the playing was really rough and conventional. There was about no scenery, and the histrions were dress ed in the costumes of their twenty-four hours. But when # 8216 ; The Globe # 8217 ; was opened to the populace in 1599, it started the aureate age of the theater in England. In the first half of the seventeenth century the influence of the Puritans was bad for the popular theater, and it was non before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 that theatre traveling once more became a popular wont. The most popular dramas were comedies. The first portion played by an actress was that of Desdemona. Nell Gwynn was the first English actress. By the beginning of the eighteenth century the most popular type of drama was the sentimental comedy. The playing was unreal likely due to the influence of Gallic histrions. But, subsequently, under the influence of David Garrick and some other histrions, moving became much more realistic. David Garrick was one of the greatest histrions known. But even at his clip moving was non really popular. An histrion whose playing had offended the audience had to inquire forgiveness on his articulatio genuss before a full house before he could go on in his profession. During the nineteenth century moving became more and more realistic. Like in Shakespeare s clip, the best histrions understood the importance of the teamwork of the company. One of the most celebrated histrions of that clip was Henry Irving. He was the first histrion to be knighted. By the 1920s realistic moving reached a extremum in the public presentation of Sir Gerald Du Maurier. He barely appeared to be moving at all. At present most acting still continues to be realistic. Interior designers make the scenes every bit realistic as possible. Modern manufacturers and managers Peter Hall, Peter Brook and others are seeking out new manners of moving. Some go back to Greek methods, with a resurgence of the chorus ; others are doing usage of the audience in assisting to construe the drama. British Drama Theatre Today Britain is now one of the universe s major theaters Centres. Many British histrions and actresses are known all over the universe. They are Dame Peggy Ashcroft, Glenda Jackson, Laurence Olivier, John Gielgud and others. Drama is so popular with people of all ages that there are several thousand recreational dramatic societies. NowBritain has approximately 300 professional theaters. Some of them are in private owned. The tickets are non hard to acquire, but they are really expensive. Regular seasons of opera and concert dance are given at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden inLondon. The National Theatre stages modern and classi # 173 ; cal dramas, the Royal Shakespeare Company produces dramas chiefly by Shakespeare and his coevalss when it performs in Stratford-on-Avon, and modern dramas in its two auditoria in the City s Barbican Centre. Shakespeare s Globe Playhouse, about which you have likely read, was reconstructed on its original site. Many other metropoliss and big towns have at least one theater. There are many theaters and theater companies for immature people: the National Youth Theatre and the Young Vic Company in London, the Scottish Youth Theatre in Edinburgh. The National Youth Theatre, which stages classical dramas chiefly by Shakespeare and modern dramas about young person, was on circuit in Russian in 1989. The theatre-goers heartily received the production of Thomas Stearns Eliot # 8217 ; s play # 8216 ; Murder in the Cathedral # 8217 ; . Many celebrated English histrions started their callings in the National Youth Theatre. Among them Timothy Dalton, the histrion who did the portion of Rochester in # 8216 ; Jane Eyre # 8217 ; shown on Television in our state. Vocabulary reign # 1094 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; enlargement # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; chiefly # 1075 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; , # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; heartache # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; dedicate # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1103 ; # 1097 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; fan overleaping # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; royal exchequer # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; devotedness # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; earn # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; out of doors # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1093 ; # 1077 ; brass band # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; military set # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; bagpipe # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1099 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; melody pipe # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; windbag # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1096 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; complexness # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; evidently # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; flock # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; deserving while # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1103 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; gesture # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; gambit # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ;

La Indolencia de Los Filipinos free essay sample

La indolencia de los filipinos (y de los estudiantes tambien) 1. What was the effect of conviction of inferiority? -The child or youth who tries to be anything else is blamed with vanity and presumption; the curate ridicules him with cruel sarcasm, his relatives look upon him with fear, strangers regard him with great compassion. No forward movement Get back in the ranks and keep in line! With his spirit thus molded the native falls into the most pernicious of all routines: routine not planned but imposed and forced. Note that the native himself is not naturally inclined to routine but his mind is disposed to accept all truth, just as his house is open to all strangers. The good and the beautiful attract him, seduce and captivate him although like the the Japanese he often exchanges the good for the evil, if it appears to him garnished and gilded. What he lacks is in the first place liberty to allow expansion to his adventuresome spirit, and good examples, beautiful prospects for the future. It is necessary that his spirit, although it may be dismayed and cowed by the elements and the fearful manifestation of their mighty forces, store up energy, seek high purposes, in order to struggle against obstacles in the midst of unfavorable natural conditions. In order that he may progress it is necessary that a revolutionary spirit, so to speak, should boil in his veins, since progress necessarily requires the present; the victory of new ideas over the ancient and accepted one. It will not be sufficient to speak to his fancy, to talk nicely to him, nor that the light illuminate him like the ignis fatuus that leads travelers astray at night: all the flattering promises of the fairest hopes will not suffice, so long as his spirit is not free, his intelligence is not respected. 2. What is the meaning of the statement, tila ka kastila? The pernicious example of the dominators in surrounding themselves with servants and despising manual or corporal labor as a thing unbecoming the nobility and chivalrous pride of the heroes of so many centuries; those lordly airs, which the natives have translated into tila ka castila, and the desire of the dominated to be the equal of the dominators, if not essentially, at least in their manners; all this had naturally to produce aversion to activity and fear or hatred of work. 3. What does Rizal mean by saying that indolence in the Philippines is a chronic but not an inherited disease? When in consequence of a long chronic illn ess the condition of the patient is examined, the question may arise whether the weakening of the fibers and the debility of the organs are the cause of the maladys continuing or the effect of the bad treatment that prolongs its action. The attending physician attributes the entire failure of his skill to the poor constitution of the patient, to the climate, to the surroundings, and so on. On the other hand, the patient attributes the aggravation of the evil to the system of treatment followed. Only the common crowd, the inquisitive populace, shakes its head and cannot reach a decision. Something like this happens in the case of the Philippines. Instead of a physician, read government, that is friars, employees, etc. Instead of patient, Philippines; instead of malady, indolence. 4. What proofs did Rizal give to show that pre-Spanish Malayans were not indolent? -Before the arrival of the Europeans, the Malayan Filipinos carried on an active trade, no only among themselves but also with all the neighboring countries. All the histories of those first years, in short, abound in long accounts about the industry and agriculture of the natives; mines, gold-washings, looms, farms, barter, naval construction, raising of poultry and stock, weaving of silk and cotton, distilleries, manufactures of arms, pearl fisheries, the civet industry, the horn and hide industry, etc. , are things encountered at every step, and considering the time and the conditions in the islands, prove that there was life, there was activity, there was movement. 5. How did it happen that the industrious pagan culture was transformed into that of an indolent Christian culture? -We have already spoken of the more or less latent predisposition which exists in the Philippines toward indolence, and which must exist everywhere, in the whole world, in all men, because we all hate work more or less, as it may be more or less hard, more ore less unproductive. The dolce far niente of the Italian, the rascarse la barriga of the Spaniard, the supreme aspiration of the bourgeois to live on his income in peace and tranquility, attest this. It seems that there are causes more than sufficient to breed indolence in the midst of a beehive. Thus is explained why, after thirty-two years of the system, the circumspect and prudent Morga said that the natives have forgotten much about farming, raising poultry, stock and cotton and weaving cloth, as they used to do in their paganism and for a long time after the country had been conquered! 6. Why does the city of Hong Kong have more commercial and trade activities than the whole of the Philippines? It has more commercial movement than all the islands together, because it is free and is well governed. The great difficulty that every enterprise encountered with the administration contributed not a little to kill off all commercial and industrial movement. All the Filipinos, as well as all those who have tried to engage in business in the Philippines, know how many documents, what comings, how many stamped papers, how much patience is needed to secure from the government a permit for an enterprise. One must count upon the good will of this one, on the influence of that one, on a good bribe to another in order that the application be not pigeon-holed, a present to the one further on so that it may pass it on to his chief; one must pray to God to give him good humor and time to see and examine it; to another, talent to recognize its expediency; to one further on sufficient stupidity not to scent behind the enterprise an insurrectionary purpose land that they may not all spend the time taking baths, hunting or playing cards with the reverend friars in their convents or country houses. And above all, great patience, great knowledge of how to get along, plenty of money, a great deal of politics, many salutations, great influence, plenty of presents and complete resignation! 7. Was there gambling in the country before the coming of the Spaniards? -Yes, we do not mean to say that before the coming of the Spaniards the natives did not gamble: the passion for gambling is innate in adventuresome and excitable races, and such is the Malay, Pigafetta tells us of cockfights and of bets in the Island of Paragua. Cock-fighting must also have existed in Luzon and in all the islands, for in the terminology of the game are two Tagalog words: sabong and tari (cockpit and gaff). But there is not the least doubt that the fostering of this game is due to the government, as well as the perfecting of it. 8. What are the effects of too many religious festivals on the country? Remember, that lack of capital and absence of means paralyze all movement, and you will see how the native was perforce to be indolent for if any money might remain to him from the trials, imposts and exactions, he would have to give it to the curate for bulls, scapularies, candles, novenaries, etc. And if this does not suffice to form an indolent character, if the climate and nature are not enough in themselves to daze him and deprive him of all energy, recall then that the doctrine of his religion teach him to irrigate his fields in the dry season, not by means of canals but with amasses and prayers; to preserve his stock during an epidemic with holy water, exorcisms and benedictions that cost five dollars an animal, to drive away the locusts by a procession with the image of St. Augustine, etc. It is well, undoubtedly, to trust greatly in God; but it is better to do what one can not trouble the Creator every moment, even when these appeals redound to the benefit of His ministers. We have noticed that the countries which believe most in miracles are the laziest, just as spoiled children are the most ill-mannered. Whether they believe in miracles to palliate their laziness or they are lazy because they believe in miracles, we cannot say; but he fact is the Filipinos were much less lazy before the word miracle was introduced into their language. 9. What other evidence may be pointed out to show the lack of national sentiment? -The very limited training in the home, the tyrannical and sterile education of the rare centers of learning that blind subordination of the youth to one of greater age, influence the mind so that a man may not aspire to excel those who preceded him but must merely be content to go along with a march behind them. Stagnation forcibly results from this, and as he who devotes himself merely to copying divests himself of other qualities suited to his own nature, he naturally becomes sterile; hence decadence. Indolence is a corollary derived from the lack of stimulus and of vitality. That modesty infused into the convictions of everyone, or, to speak more clearly, that insinuated inferiority, a sort of daily and constant depreciation of the mind so that it may not be raised to the regions of life, deadens the energies, paralyzes all tendencies toward advancement, and of the least struggle a man gives up without fighting. If by one of those rare incidents, some wild spirit, that is some active one, excels, instead of his example stimulating, it only causes others to persist in their inaction. Theres one who will work for us; lets sleep on! say his relatives and friends. True it is that the spirit of rivalry is sometimes awakened, only that then it awakens with bad humor in the guise of envy, and instead of being a lever for helping, it is an obstacle that produces discouragement. 10. How do we know there was no national sentiment? -Absence of all opposition to measures prejudicial to the people and the absence of any initiative in whatever may redound to its good. A man in the Philippines is only an individual, he is not a member of a nation. He is forbidden and denied the right of association, and is, therefore, weak and sluggish. The Philippines is an organism whose cells seem to have no arterial system to irrigate it or nervous system to communicate its impressions; these cells must, nevertheless, yield their product, get it where they can; if they perish, let them perish. In the view of some this is expedient so that a colony may be a colony; perhaps they are right, but not the effect that a colony may flourish.

Alcohol Abuse In American Youth Essays - Alcohol Abuse,

Alcohol Abuse In American Youth It has been stated in each research source that hazing and particularly binge drinking is the most serious problem affecting social life, academic life, and health on college campuses today. The journal article pertaining to this issue, How Harvard's College Alcohol Study Can Help Your Campus Design a Campaign Against Student Alcohol Abuse (CAS: Campus Alcohol Study for short), focuses more heavily on binge drinking and prevention than it does on the Greek system itself. The authors, Wechsler, Nelson, and Weitzman, contend that binge drinking is a nationally recognized problem but has not been studied efficiently enough to warrant effective prevention plans. The purpose of this article is to share with the public the results of a survey representing 50,000 students in 140 colleges, in 39 states. This is the first nationally representative survey of its kind and the analysis of its outcome by the authors of this article has resulted in seemingly sound prevention ideas. To begin interpreting the binge drinking phenomenon, a solid understanding of the term must be presented. Binge drinking is defined by all the articles as consuming five or more drinks in rapid succession (four or more for women) at least once in a two week period. Shockingly, the College Alcohol Study (CAS) found that two out of every five college students binge drink. The authors of this article argue that binge drinking has negative effects not only on the drinkers, but also on the entire student body. The binge drinker might get alcohol poisoning, other related physical injuries, or weakened academic performance, while the non-binging students are subjected to insults, arguments, vandalism, physical and sexual assaults, and loss of sleep due to alcohol influenced peers. The next topic that the article gets into is the different areas that change need be made to lessen the presence of binge drinking and ways in which these changes might be made. The first idea presented is that simply educating students about alcohol abuse and related problems is not effective. The CAS shows that four out of five students have been exposed to anti-alcohol education and still two out of these five binge drink, let alone drink at all. In fact, Wechsler, Nelosn, and Weitzman state that most members of predominant binge drinking groups like athletes and Greek organizations openly admit to being educated in this area. These findings display how ineffective alcohol education on college campuses is. After eliciting what not to do, the Wechsler, Nelosn, and Weitzman show the reader what the simple numbers from the CAS suggest be done. First they explain that the college administration has to realize that they have a lot more student support in the fight against binge drinking than they think. The CAS results showed that more than half of all college students favor more college intervention. This idea leads into the authors' next one, which is the whole idea of marginalizing the serious drinkers. Serious binge drinkers are not aware of their problem and are usually very loud and vocal when protesting anti-drinking policies. These hardcore bingers however, only represent a small percent of all drinkers and an even smaller percent of the student body. The authors suggest that steps be taken to marginalize this small group of heavy drinkers by reversing some misleading policies. Presently alcohol-free dorms are available upon request by students. Wechsler, Nelosn, and Weitzman believe that the alcohol consuming students should have to request separate dorms, not the other way around. The current method creates the illusion that most students consume alcohol and tend to quiet potential anti-alcohol advocates. Lastly, the fact that alcohol is cheap, plentiful and easy to get in college towns creates great appeal to college students. For less than five dollars (half the price of one movie ticket) under age students can purchase enough alcohol to ?drink themselves silly.? In the past, colleges have fought a battle against fake ID's, but now the CAS says that only one in five underage drinkers use and phony ID. The method of choice is to get beer and liquor from older students. ?One third of older students have been asked by underage students to provide them with alcohol, and almost all complied. This is one student

Why Astrology Lost Its Place in the Academic World

Why Astrology Lost Its Place in the Academic World Hashtag: #Signos (Portuguese for â€Å"Signs†) Through most of its history, astrology, a study of zodiac signs and its influence on our growth, personalities, and daily lives was highly regarded as â€Å"science†, a discipline that is closely associated with astronomy and mathematics.   A scholarly tradition, astrology was then accepted in political and academic contexts and a valuable system for a predicting astronomical event in many cultures throughout the centuries.   For instance, since the Arabs during the 10th century believed that the motions of celestial bodies affect life on earth and future events can be predicted by studying their movements, they were advanced in these areas and made significant contributions to the science of astronomy. Wearing the Trappings of Science Astrology was popular and continued to flourish during the 11th century. The Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans were also active in this field and built exceptional observatories to improve observation and understanding of celestial bodies. Sophisticated astronomical instruments such as the â€Å"astrolabe† (left image) were developed to enhance observation of the sky, calculation of latitudes, time and motion of the sun, stars, and the signs of the zodiac, and boost the accuracy of astrologer’s prediction. However, the legitimacy of the study that is now recognized as â€Å"pseudoscience† or a belief system that is â€Å"incorrectly presented as scientific†, was called into question by 17th-century scientific concepts and astronomical models.   In particular, the heliocentric model of the solar system where the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun, significantly affect the credibility of the traditional geocentric (Earth-centered solar system) chart where the position of the zodiacal signs and horoscope are based. Read more information here: Unacceptable Words in Academic World Academic and Intellectual Credentials Why the South Lost the Civil War Computer Science Thesis The Scientific Basis for Defining Seasons Zodiac Signs and Horoscope Are not Science According to literature, although astrology relies on a scientific tool and complex mathematics such as those used to measure planetary motion in astronomy, the study is not a reliable predictive tool as it does not adhere to any valid scientific method and cannot be accurately tested.   Moreover, since astrology fails to abide by the standards of evidence or characteristic of most legitimate science, it eventually lost its place in the academic world.   The scientific community also disowned astrology, as it cannot provide a precise explanation on how the positions of celestial objects could actually affect people and influence events on our planet. Astrology according to Karl Popper lacks falsifiability or refutability, the ability that separates science from non-science.   Contrary to Popper, Thomas Kuhn argued that the non-empirical process and concepts involved in astrology make it unscientific. This is because failed predictions and inability to explain why horoscope fails do not necessarily make them violators of scientific principles. In reality, since astrology is not amenable research (see Research Paper), most astrologers do not investigate and merely adhere to rules and guidelines for a field of study fraught with known limitations. Instead of correcting a failure and revising a flawed astrological hypothesis in a meaningful way, most astrologers explain away failures.   According to Kuhn, even if the stars actually influence human lives and the world around us, individuals who do not solve puzzles are not practitioners of science.   Similarly, due to the presence of numerous fallacious logic and poor reasoning in astrological literature, philosopher Edward James view astrology as an irrational field of study. For instance, most astrological writings in James analysis are not coherent, blatant, uncorroborated by evidence, reluctant to pursue arguments, no sense of a hierarchy of reasons and incapable of satisfying the demands of legitimate reasoning.

What is Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

What is Democracy - Essay Example This paper will examine the role of democracy in fostering equality, creating the concept of ‘the greater good’, its values of sovereignty and fostering good interpersonal relationships as well as its values of liberty. Democracy is all about representation and giving the people a voice (Brodie et al., 2014 pg 31-45). This was evident in the direct democracy system that was used in ancient Greece, where all people had a voice and participated in the decision-making process, which became the principle within democracy (Brodie et al., 2014 pg 31-45). In practice, all citizens had the ability to influence the direction of policies adopted by the state via the voting process (Brodie et al., 2014 pg 31-45). However, the huge population in contemporary times means that such as model would not be reasonable because the process would be too lengthy to respond to urgent matters. Instead, an indirect model has been adopted, one where a select group of people make the decisions for the rest of the population (Brodie et al., 2014, 2-15). Therefore, the role of the policy-making bodies in contemporary times, in accordance with the existing democratic principles, is to make policies that benefit the people who v oted for those in government (Brodie et al., 2014, 2-15). From this assumption, it follows that policies should be evaluated by their ability to reflect the needs of the citizens in the country (Brodie et al., 2014, 2-15). For example, in present day America, Americans put pressure on the government to recall troops from war-torn areas if the presence of these troops in battles is not in the best interests of citizens. Therefore, the best democratic practices have to allow citizens to make changes while also simplifying life as much as possible. The concept of the greater good, as a democratic principle, examines the role of elected leaders to fulfill the wish of their voters (Brodie et al., 2014, pg

The sports facility in Stratford-Upon-Avon Essay

The sports facility in Stratford-Upon-Avon - Essay Example Marketing programmes within the organization should reflect a commitment to meeting the needs of the members of the community in which the organization will serve. Therefore, analysis, both internal and external, should include members of the community, as stakeholders. It should also include the current position of the organization, available resources and identification of the organization’s core competencies or strengths.By assessing the organization’s strengths and weaknesses, the marketing team can develop a marketing programme that focuses on matching the organization’s strengths with needs of stakeholders. The sports facility is currently facing a recent loss of revenue, due to decreased sales of membership. To combat this phenomenon, the marketing strategy has made the decision to offer an all inclusive family membership, which can be used by any and all members of the family. The stakeholder analysis and market segmentation activities suggest that busine sses in Stratford-Upon-Avon should consider the entire family, in this family-oriented community. The goal of the marketing plan align is to align organizational strategy with the marketing strategy, in order to reach the target markets, with a cohesive message that speaks to target segments. Target segments need to understand how the sports centre can benefit them. Situation Analysis The sports facility that once offered individual memberships is not as profitable as it once was. Membership has decreased, likely due to financial concerns and the current state of the UK and global economy.

Women would succeed in combat if given the chance Essay

Women would succeed in combat if given the chance - Essay Example pression of poor women, heterosexist bureaucracy, environmental ruin, and militarization all raise weighty issues for feminist movements today.1 Although feminist movements all over the world have been diversely triumphant, we become heir to several issues women of the earlier periods confronted. However, there are new issues as well as we try to understand a world permanently blemished by the unsuccessful attempt of communist and postcolonial capitalist societies to meet the economic, social, religious, and psychological demands of most of the world’s people. Globalization has increasingly become representative of the motives and goals of the free market and companies rather than autonomy and liberty from economic, cultural, and political subjugation for all the inhabitants of the world.2 There are several of the issues tackled in ‘women and war’. It adopts as its basic arguments the importance of the involvement of feminist movements in both local and global political, economic, and cultural mechanisms, and the importance of a global discourse in creating an ethical tradition able to endure and revolutionize the oppressive and commodified processes of the global economy and community.3 The discussion raises the value of feminist research and analysis and aims to build connections between mobilizing, deliberation, and analysis. The discussion of ‘women and war’ offer methodical and workable interventions into the Western-dominated discipline, while at the same time emphasizing the effort that can and has to be carried out to visualize and promote cross-cultural feminist unity. The topic ‘women and war’ is a key representation of the ties between mobilizing, deliberation, and analysis and the actualization of feminist unity promoted by such topic. Drawing on diverse readings and documents, the discussion has introduced a general, compelling, critical analysis of global gendered militarism, emphasizing women’s opposition to it. Furthermore, this

How to Stay Calm in a Stressful Situation

How to Stay Calm in a Stressful Situation Staying calm in an unsettling situation Its three-thirty in the morning, you see as you roll over to check your iphone, the soft-yellow glare of the screen shining on your face, but still too bright in relation to the darkness of your room. Getting back to the snug, warm part part of your bed, attempting to get warm, you hear again what probably woke you up, since you normally do not get up until 4:40 in the morning. Looking out the window, softly retracting the heavy drapery which does a good job at blocking out light and sound, so whatever made that initial scraping sound outside, is worth to pay any mind to. As you peep outside, blinding light and blistering heat suddenly hits your face, like if someone took out a cloth from a hot oven and pressed it onto your face with force. What you are seeing, is the whole forest that encircles your isolated home on fire, rapidly spreading from tree to tree. That loud snapping sound, was the pine tree that fell and scraped the edge of the house. The fire from the branches, roared on , licking the roof and setting it a-blaze. You, witnessing this hell-like dream, quickly recollect yourself, not panicking and swiftly slide out of bed. Sprinting to your little brother and cousin who are sleeping in the same room together, you snatch them up into your arms, the family dog staying on your heels, then you bust through the front door, not caring that you just Sparta-kicked it off its hinges. Little brother and the cousin, both nearly five years old, are crying and screaming about the fire blocking your driveway by another pine tree and that we are, going to burn alive. Telling them to, hush-up and, quit yalls crying before I leave yall here, you practically throw them into the back seat of your Toyota Tundra Truck, the dog jumped in, her tail in between her legs, wrapping them up with wool blankets, slamming the door shut, you crawl in the drivers seat with ease. Igniting the engine with your keys, putting the gear into full drive, you put the petal to the metal, right at the burning tree while your relatives a re covering their eyes and sobbing, you are shaking pretty bad too, yet calm and reserved. The steel frame protecting the hood and grill of your truck, it successfully smashes through the fallen tree; you feel the shock-wave ripple throughout your body from the impact. Soon yall reach the highway and are cruising Eastward, away from the fire, which rose nearly one-hundred and fifty feet into the night sky and the smoke, ten times as high. You begin to think to yourself of what just happened about ten minutes ago, knowing that if you lost your cool, you along with your brother, cousin, and dog, would have been burned alive right about now. So you thank God for keeping you calm and getting out alive with everyone, in a silent prayer, still shaking. As you can see, staying calm in a stressful/scary situation, can save your and others Lives too. Heres a brief testimony of a wildfire evacuee that inspired me to write that made-up story for you: There were flames on both sides of the highway. It was pretty scary,especially when you have your little brother and your little cousin in the car with you, and theyre freaking out, and you have to tell them to calm down (Rowell). Perhapswe should, Laugh oftenWhen you laugh, your muscles relax and the stress hormones in your body go down (Adams). Take my own personal bullying experience back in seventh grade in the locker room and I wont name any names. Everyday, during lunch and P.E. back at the Junior High, there was a large group of kids one grade ahead of me who loved to give me hell. There were seven or six of them, all loud mouths and quite more built than me. Anyways, everyone including myself, finished playing dodgeball, so I am pretty sure it was a Friday. I know that they would pick on me, call me names, flicking my ear as they pass by me, even a shove or two, just to taunt me and I would always take it and not do anything to retaliate because I was simply scared. I wanted to try something new that day in order to possibly get them uninterested in me and that was laughing when they began to throw profanities at me. Well, unfortunatelyÂÂ   Im unable to recall what exactly happened, but I know I just laughed whenever they bullied me and that really helped me with not being so scared. So if you are being harassed by others, just laugh if its verbal. I promise that you will not be really scared nor as shaky. Eventually, their verbal teasing, threats, and the occasional shove, turned into slapping and punching. Of course, these events took place whenever an adult or teacher was not looking. I was growing tired of this constant abuse, so I decided to stand up for myself (it was nearing the end of my seventh grade year, after the STAAR test). I began to look up fighting videos and re-watched the movie Sherlock Holmes for the fight scenes over and over until the last day of school and I felt confident that I would take down these guys one-on-one. But I was still shaking just thinking about it and started to tear up when I got close to my first target. Again, I forgot what I said, but I know I did chicken out and I regret not beating up my bullies. Think about this, How can you expect someone to be confident when this is his or her first time fighting? You have to believe in your training and believe in your techniques (Puu). I was not anything Mr. Puu just explained; I was a coward and cowards lose their honor. I have yet to gain mine back. Late at night, almost midnight, with absolutely no moon nor starlight to light the vast prairie you and your fellow men treck with unease. The grass is a foot high, really slick that is sticking to your combat boots and the tip of your AR-15. The thickest of fog you could ever imagine, is annoyingly spooky, as you can not even see your own boots, but you and your men bravely go on, across this haunted Texas Prairie. Now the only noise you hear, is the hushed breathing and footsteps of you and your squad mates, that is, until you hear a high-pitched screech from behind you for about two seconds thensilence. When everyone heard that, all yall stopped dead in yalls tracks. The five other men, you know by instinct, are looking at you, even though no one could see each other. The only way to not get separated, was the rope that you and your team had tied to each other about five hours ago before walking onto this immense expanse of land. You tap the rope that is attached to you twice, sig nalling to them to get flat on their chests and do not move, just look and listen. Yall wait for the same heart wrenching shriek again for five minutes, justwaiting. Soon, you can not hear your boys breathing anymore. It grew so quiet, that you could hear silence and you can actually hear the blood flowing to your ears, yearning to pick up any sound to turn the coming painful headache you begin to start feeling. Then, out of nowhere, you hear the rapid approach of what sounds like feet, from behind you and quickly accompanied by the same, terrifying screech that sounded just like a Woman wailing and a deranged screech owl put together. You immediately jump to your feet, urging the squad on to sprint as fast as they can and you tell the caboose man to unload his machine gun at whatever was chasing yall. Running at top speed, bringing your legs up to your chest, in fear of getting snagged on something or getting tripped by an occasional deer that happened to be sleeping. Your chest and legs begin to feel very heavy and are hurting from sprinting for about five minutes. Breathing is becoming very difficult and quite the challenge. Suddenly, you feel a violent tug at where the rope knots off of you and you are no longer anchored off by it. For whatever is chasing you, got a hold of your men all at once, you are now alone, still running towards nowhere, through the fog, just hearing that quick rustle of grass behind you, knowing thatthing is closing in. The wind began to pick up finally, though you know your strength is now failing you, just a little bit longer! You think to yourself desperately while starting to slow d own, your breaths coming out in short gasps, the wind at full speed of nearly seventy miles per hour blowing in from behind, lending your feet wings. No more than five seconds later, you burst through a large bush and onto a busy highway, your rifle lying on the concrete beside you. You close your eyes, expecting to get devoured or dragged by whatever creature did to your comrades about fifteen minutes ago. Miraculously, nothing happened, just vehicles whizzing by and the wind, blowing in your face, choking you. Raising your arm to your nose and mouth to breathe, you get up and when you do, you drop on your knees then puke your guts out. So,breathing techniques can actually help calm the body to respond in these stressful situations in the most effective way (Klimas). In conclusion, staying calm in all bad, stressful, and scary situations, all you need to do is, just keep your cool and breathe deeply. Do not freak out and you will be just fine. 🙂

Congress Essay -- essays research papers

There is a definite need for Congress in the United States. It serves many roles such as making laws, implementing national policy and watching over the other two branches of government. These are just a few of the duties of our U.S. Congress. Although they are essential to our government, there are potential problems. People are not always satisfied with the length of time involved in passing a law as well as the deadlock Congress can experience on an issue. Another potential problem people see with Congress is representation. Not all Americans feel that they are equally represented. The Congress of the United States is viewed by many as the largest branch in government. Some people might even say it is the most important. This is due to the roles Congress pays in our government. Congress is responsible for the lawmaking in our country as well as implementing national policy. The power to make laws was given to Congress by our forefathers when they constructed our constitution. Passing laws is very important to our country because without them we would be living in chaos. Of course, all our laws are not perfect but for the most part our Congress does a good job at keeping this country under control. The problems with lawmaking that most people see is the time involved in getting a law passed. In order for a bill to become a law it must first be introduced to the House or Senate, or both, then referred to a committee. This can be a very time consuming process. Anyone interested in having a law passed must realize the process involved and be patient. In addition to lawmaking Congress is also involved in passing amendments. Our nation has been able to grow and strengthen due to the amendment process. In order for our government to keep up with the changing times it is crucial that we make adjustments to the constitution. The downfall is that the amendments passed have not always kept up with changing times. Arguments against Congress would be that they taken to long in enforcing the amendments. The U.S. Congress must also implement national policy. The Congress must regulate commerce in order to create a prosperous economy. It is up to Congress to monitor the growth of the economy and be ready to act if necessary. Congress has the power to implement monetary policy in which they decrease taxes to induce spending during a slow econo... ... half the nations population are women, but the 102nd Congress had only thirty one women members. In addition, our nation is made up of mostly blue collared workers, yet the most predominant occupation of Congress members are lawyers. With this in mind the Congress must strive to understand and represent the needs of the people. Congress cannot ignore the disadvantage groups that feel unrepresented in the system. Until the enactment of Medicare in 1965, Congress declined to pass health care legislation for the elderly. There will always be people for and people against any branch in government. The reason being, government is not perfect, nor are the people who run it. Laws take time to create and policies take time to be implemented. You cannot deny the fact that regardless of the time involved these procedures are a major and necessary step. Over all Congress does a good job with the roles and duties it is given. When it comes to representation, the vote lies in our hands. We have the power to vote for who we want to represent us. We can make a difference if we get involved in electing those who share the same ideas of the people to make us a better a better nation.

Dream Come True

My heart skipped a beat. Every minute when am sitting on the bleachers kept me on thinking about what would happen for the next minutes. I prepared myself. I set my camera, I fed my hungry tummy, and practice myself shouting and yelling. Then, my course began. When I am preparing myself, I hear the crowd's noise. They were shouting. Teens, and even adults scream for the lights turned off and the music was played. It was the very melodic music I've ever heard in my entire life. I took a deep breath and started to scream and stopped.I grab my camera in y pocket and steal some pictures. I capture banners, artworks, and the many fan girls sitting around the performance stage. Following a couple of minutes, the formal program started. The crowd was silent. The program was officially blessed by a prayer played and the Philippine National Anthem was conducted. The opening remarks filled with colorful thoughts was then followed by well-known former seminarian in Dave. And this is what we're waiting for. The program officials and staffs positioned and calibrated the countdown and snap!The crowd began to be wild again. The emcee took his first step up on the stage and welcome us with a great Hello! And make acquainted with the crowd. He then introduce the first performer. He was the son of an executive in GAMMA Dave but I don't actually know who he was. He sang This Love by Maroon 5 and the popular song of the hit singer Jason Mrs., I'm yours. Several performers after the guy performed and act upon on stage. It was already 7 in the evening. The multitude become hot and bothered on who will perform next. The girl beside me asked, â€Å"Is it him?Will he be going to perform now? I answered â€Å"Not yet. † And can you guess who the next performers were? They were the singing priests in Dave City, Rev. FRR. AH Better and Rev. FRR. Civil Bunya. The crowd was alive again. They didn't care about the people instead they join with the music and sing all along with the cr owd. They sang 2 songs and then bid goodbye and said â€Å"Enjoy! † After the performance, the assembly was silent again. After a couple of minutes, the emcee shouted â€Å"Are you ready? † and just as you know, here we go again. I scream, they scream and everybody scream.The countdown set into 10, 9, 8, and the throng became more agitated. 6, 5, 4, 3, I feel the moment. 2, 1, and the long wait was over. The LCD projector showed a mini-slideshows of the pictures of him. Now became wild. I never forget to capture a video and stare to the pictures in the slideshows. I jumped up and down all over again. I didn't know what to do. Then a man stood in front of the people watching up on the stage. He was tall, pinkish-white and a good-looking guy. Did you already know who he was? And what am screaming for? He has the initials of DEJA. And you got it right, he was Daniel John FordPaddled. He wears checkered long sleeved turtle-neck polo, skinny jeans and a black Vans shoes wit h white laces. Shouted. I jumped up and down and took stolen pictures of him and it seems I would faint. I can't actually remember what I did. Shout and shout. I yell here and there, jump here, and roll there. He is so beautiful. He shouted â€Å"Hey! Hello! † and the crowd grumble. His voice is so seductive. I say to myself, â€Å"l could rather be dead. † He sang four songs including his revivals and his original composition that made him known better, the Nasty An Nag LATA.He waved his hand here and there. Banners were raised and cameras took their own flashes and the people were down the stage. It was like a huge stampede. After he sang his four songs with liberation he greeted us a â€Å"Good evening! † Indeed it was a very good evening even when the rain is pouring hard and we don't even care. Even when he talk, everybody is shouting and me? Could never imagined what I will going to do. As the emcee meet him and talk awhile for a short interview, I stared at him. He is so special. Want to touch his hand but I couldn't. This will be a gift.

The Noun is Plea, the Verb is Plead

The Noun is Plea, the Verb is Plead The Noun is â€Å"Plea,† the Verb is â€Å"Plead† The Noun is â€Å"Plea,† the Verb is â€Å"Plead† By Maeve Maddox Some writers are using plead as a noun. Its a verb. One meaning of the verb plead as a legal term is To put forward any allegation or formal statement forming part of the proceedings in an action at law. In general use, the verb plead means to make an earnest appeal, entreaty, or supplication; to beg, implore. The noun plea has similar legal and general meanings: plea: 1. A suit or action at law; the presentation of an action in court. An urgent, emotional request, an entreaty; (also) an unarticulated appeal. Used as a verb in place of plead, plea can be regarded as a regionalism (Chiefly Eng. regional [north.], and Sc. Now also U.S.): If you plea guilty and then later in another hearing say th(at you didnt do it, can you be charged with perjury? example of U.S. usage in OED Using the verb form plead for the noun plea, however, is jarringly nonstandard: A Plead to Sinners title of a poem on a religious site A plead to ban homophobia headline on a college site A plead for help part of a blog title In each of these examples, the word wanted is plea. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. Had80 Idioms with the Word Time20 Classic Novels You Can Read in One Sitting

Walgreens Strategic Analysis Essay Example

Walgreens Strategic Analysis Essay Example Walgreens Strategic Analysis Paper Walgreens Strategic Analysis Paper Veronica Washington 0180175 Walgreens Pharmacy (WAG) An Industry Leader at the Inflection Point The following report is an in-depth discussion of Walgreens Pharmacy with an analysis and assessment of the company’s strategic initiatives. Each strategy yields a direct purpose of diminishing the influence of a specific force from Porter’s 5-force Model as the supporting data culminates an outlook on the company’s future. COMPANY OVERVIEW Charles Walgreen of Chicago, Illinois, pioneered the first Walgreens in 1901, with corporate headquarters now located in Deerfield, Illinois. In the company’s 100-year reign as the prescription industry leader, Walgreens changed from war bonds, soda fountains, and restaurants to 24-hour store access, nationwide locations, easy-to-use online stores, and health care clinics. 6,400 stores now operate in all 50 states including Puerto Rico, with 30% open 24 hours. By 2010, Walgreen’s aspires to operate 7,000 stores nationwide and pave the way for the organic growth of 13,000 sites. As of December 2007, Walgreens employs 226,000 associates, hiring 25,000 in 2007 (WAG Annual Reports, 2007). According to the company’s 2007 annual reports, â€Å"Walgreens has been listed on: Fortune magazine’s Most Admired Companies in America list†¦ranked 44th on the Fortune 500 list of largest U. S-based companies†¦[and] ranked the leading online drugstore. † (WAG Annual Reports, 2007) In the past 2 years especially, Walgreens embarked on several ventures that will enable them to have first-mover advantage in the healthcare industry. CURRENT FINANCIAL INFORMATION In 2007, Walgreens increased net sales by 13. 4% to $53. 7 billion and increased net income by 16. 6% to $2. 4 billion. Long-term investments, which have consistently increased by roughly $100 million dollars each year since 2004, reflect company profits (WAG Annual Reports, 2007). In the 2007 operating cash flow analysis, Walgreens yielded a yearly total over $23 million in deferred taxes that arose for tax relief in advance of tangible asset depreciated accounting expenses. While net cash flows in the operating sector dropped by $80 million in a single year production, sales, and delivery continue to expand. In the 2007 investment cash flow analysis, the company directed $6. billion toward short-term investments (auction rate securities) available for sale amounting to an accumulated $6. 8 billion (WAG Annual Reports, 2007). With a staggering $1. 8 billion spent on new additions in 2007, this perceived overextension by shareholders of the company’s business and intangible asset acquisition of $1. 1 billion doubles the amount of cash used in the invested activities of 2006 (WAG Annual Reports, 2007). Employee termination and salary cuts yielded a 50% drop in proceeds received from company life-insurance policies. The $5. million proceeds of 2007 pale in comparison to the $10. 7 million received only a year before. Walgreens spent $2. 4 billion in investing activities during 2007, more than that of 2005 and 2006 combined (WAG Annual Reports, 2007). In the 2007 financi al cash flow analysis, net proceeds were $850 million. With a $141 million debt payment, $1 billion in stock repurchases, $310 million cash dividends to shareholders, and a $214 million bank overdraft sum, Walgreen’s 2007 net cash used for financing activities rose to $626 million from 2006’s $413 million (WAG Annual Report, 2007). In summation, the initial cash and cash equivalents of 2007 declined from $920 million in January to $255 million by the end of December resulting from the company’s overextension, and may result of losing their position as the industry leader in the near future (WAG Annual Reports, 2007) POWER OF BUYERS According to Porter, a buyer who has power â€Å"can always find an equivalent product, [then] play vendor against [one] another† (Porter, 2008). Consumers reap the benefits of an industry that pays for repeat business. In 2007, Walgreen’s pharmacists took 157,000 prescription transfer calls from neighboring competitors. (WAG Annual Reports, 2007) Mark Wagner, VP of Operations, announced that after reviewing the 2007 compiled transfer logs of the company, â€Å"72% of all prescription transfers [in 2007] are competitor coupon-related issues † (WAG Annual Report, 2007) Walgreens remained static in their decision to offer any type of compensation to new customers or transferred prescriptions until October 2008. Walgreens customers receive an average of four prescriptions on monthly basis from the pharmacy (WAG Annual Reports, 2007). With 65% of the sales revenue of the company coming from the pharmacy, Walgreens declines to bargain with out-of-pocket customers over price. Regardless of a climbing prescription drug-price trend, demand remains elastic because customers demand choices of similar, less expensive medications if authorized by their doctor. The amount of reimbursement Walgreens receives from Medicare, Medicaid, and Worker’s Compensation falls drastically, as incremental revenues from those sources decreases (Stewart, 2006). According to Lueck, â€Å"Medicare and Medicaid comprise 25 percent of the federal budget, and the government cannot afford to spend at the current rate† (Lueck, 2008). In order to maintain relationships with customers, retail pharmacies resorted to buying sections of Medicare Part D insurance companies: AARP Walgreens vs. CVS Caremark (Caremark Rx Inc. , 2007). RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING COMPETITORS From Porter’s point of view, â€Å"the degree to which rivalry drives down an industry’s profit potential depends, first on the intensity with which companies compete and, second, on the basis on which they compete† (Porter, 2008). Other than retail pharmacies, hospital pharmacies, mail-order pharmacies, internet pharmacies, international pharmacies, vitamin stores, and homeopathic treatment providers attempt to maintain market share in the healthcare industry (Lueck, 2008). Walgreens largest competitor, CVS Pharmacy, fell short of Walgreen’s sales revenues by $7 billion in 2007 (WAG Annual Report, 2007). Contrary to Porter’s model of rivalry, the healthcare industry is experiencing massive growth. Growth is not a force, but only a factor; and as Porter mentions, â€Å"high growth rate will not guarantee profitability if customers are powerful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as stated in the last section (Porter, 2008). Tom Charland, CEO of Merchant Medicine, in his prophetic wisdom forecasted an â€Å"increased scarcity of physicians and midlevel practitioners in many markets and the increased use of pharmacists. † (Berman, 2007) This justifies the idea that most baby-boomers will spend several hours a week in doctor’s offices receiving treatment for maladies that require prescriptions. Because of meager prescription profits, customers gain little when switching from one pharmacy to another. As Jeff Rein, VP of Walgreens, understands, â€Å"95% percent of our patients pay only the co-pay required by their insurance plans. † (WAG Annual Report, 2007) This removes Wal-Mart’s $4 prescription plan from the picture. POWER OF SUPPLIERS In Porter’s words, suppliers with power â€Å"can squeeze profitability out of an industry that is unable to pass on cost increases in its own prices. (Porter, 2008) To make up for excessive inventory costs for new medication Walgreen’s must decrease labor hours and work more efficiently. For corporate executives in retail pharmacies like Mark Wagner of Walgreens, â€Å"the end solution is to cut costs†¦and the biggest cost in stores is payroll. † (Merrick, 2008) With manufacturers keeping new FDA-approved substitute (generic) medications at bay by creating expensive time-released versions of the ori ginal, retailers spend more money than ever before on shelf space (Merrick, 2008). The following demonstrates a sample of what Porter means by suppliers having power when they â€Å"offer products that are differentiated† (Porter, 2008). In March 2008, analysts at Citigroup Inc. announced, â€Å"AstraZeneca will have more time to market the product†¦Seroquel XR, a once-daily version of the [original] drug†¦ slowly [converting] patients to the patent-protected drug before a generic version of Seroquel becomes available† (Merrick, 2008). Generic companies defending their rights to enter the market state brand name manufacturers received patents through inequitable conduct (Merrick, 2008). While CEO of Astra Zeneca, David Brennan remains â€Å"pleased with the courts decision to uphold [our] valid intellectual property, healthcare companies like Walgreens suffer exorbitant inventory costs at lower vendor allowances for keeping both brand and newly arriving formulations (Merrick, 2008). STRATEGIC ANALYSIS The significance of this report’s title, â€Å"An Industry Leader at the Inflection Point†, speculates that Walgreens cannot remain myopically moving forward now that competitors are strategically placing modes of â€Å"creative destruction† in the healthcare industry. For example, Walgreens is following suit to retake power from buyers, a force seen in previous paragraphs, with a revolutionary prescription problem-processing center, POWER. These 24-hour call centers will automatically fix any third-party insurance rejection errors at all 6400 store locations, leaving pharmacists and pharmacy technicians more time to devote to prescription accuracy, efficiency, and patient consultation. Alan McNally, Walgreen’s new CEO as of October 22, 2008, justifies the use of POWER so â€Å"the company’s founding base of competitive advantage will bring vital market share, stockholder optimism, and customer sentiments of timeliness and prescription safety back to Walgreens† (WAG Annual Reports, 2008). Despite Walgreens’ ability to gain back market share by utilizing POWER, this evolution of problem-solving workflow is the company’s first major step in â€Å"creative destruction. Since an estimated â€Å"25-30% of work in the pharmacy originates from processing and troubleshooting third-party claims†, Walgreens shows no sign of maintaining current hourly needs for technicians when POWER operations begin (Merrick, 2008). The excess reserves saved from this venture will allocate finances for greater stockholder dividends and ensure the company’s progressive movement into staying one-step ahead of the competition (Merrick, 2008). Acc ording to the 2008 annual reports released in November, the salary expenditures saved from cutting technician hours will help support funding for the accumulated $1. billion dollar long-term debt in 2008 (WAG Annual Reports, 2008). Formerly discussed in the section, â€Å"Power of Suppiers†, Walgreens showed vulnerability to brand-name manufacturer’s new formulations marketed to physicians as more effective and safer than their FDA-approved generics. The county’s nation-wide recession that tumbled into a worldwide pandemic has been reason enough for many consumers to forgo reinstating their prescription insurance plans in 2009 and instead shop around for bargain generics (Lueck, 2008). Porter describes the country’s turmoil perfectly by announcing America is in the â€Å"Age of Anxiety,† as he reminds readers that in the US â€Å"restructuring destroys about 30 million jobs per year† (Porter, 2008), To combat consumer demand for lower cost prescriptions, Walgreens has aggressively marketed the Walgreens Drug Program in 2008. This discount program offers consumers the option of choosing from a list of 400 price-approved and quantity-approved generic medications at a 90-day supply for $12 (WAG Annual Reports, 2008). To attract customers to less expensive and more readily available generic medications, Walgreens built the discount rogram to show how much each customer can save while receiving a therapy that is exactly or similar to what their doctor prescribed. The only cost associated with this plan is a one-time $20 fee for using the service pennies compared to the hundreds of dollars each month otherwise spent on prescription healthcare covera ge. The idea of Walgreens creating healthcare clinics where customers can go and receive treatment for common symptoms arose from competitor initiatives to capture a segment of the market not dominated by Walgreens. The purpose of this tactical approach was to lessen the force of rivalry in the industry. As of November 2008, Walgreens â€Å"operate[s] more than 600 health and wellness clinics in our stores and on employer worksites [with] plans to expand to 800 sites by the end of fiscal 2009 (WAG Annual Reports, 2008). While data on this new mode of investment has not been conclusive or forecasted in expected yearly revenue, Walgreens intends on honing company expansion in this market to counter aggressively competitor initiatives. STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT The watershed of massive change for Walgreens culminated amidst what economists are calling a worldwide recession. Like all prosperous profit seeking companies, Walgreens managed to find ways to cut hours while increase efficiency that paved the way for higher shareholder dividends in 2008. CEO Alan McNally describes Walgreens’ strategy as â€Å"a successful triumph in a frantic market† leading on with a direct correlation of the yearly highlights to â€Å"an increase of $. 11 in common share dividends for 2008† (WAG Annual Reports, 2008). Despite the company’s massive growth of long-term debt, the strategic positioning of POWER centers in high volume areas and payroll cuts began the combat against the emerging inflection point issues discussed. More than 1 million people enrolled in Walgreens discount card program in 2008. The company anticipates numbers to increase significantly at the beginning of Medicare reinstatement in January 2009 as members become more proactive in finding lower prescription costs. Constructed on gaining the business of customers upset with their current prescription coverage, the iscount care program cultivated an increase of gross market share to 17. 6% of the retail prescription market in 2008. According to the new annual reports, in August 2008 Walgreens priced a $1. 3 billion five-year bond offering to be â€Å"used in the repayment of short-term debt under its commercial paper program and general corporate purposes† (WAG Annual Reports, 2008). The bond’s primary purp ose of financing the expansion of Walgreens’ Take Care Clinics around the country will reinforce goals of insatiable growth in the United States. As the beginning stages of these clinics develop, Walgreens will have a better idea of the market’s reaction. SUMMARY OF STRATEGY These market-enhancing strategies formulated by observing frustrated consumers over the years yield a successful and progressive outlook for Walgreens. While Walgreens’ presence in communities nationwide will continue to expand, the systems and processes which customers receive service will undoubtedly change. As services become increasingly automated and salaries are cut to supply overhead costs of the latest technologies and capital investments, Walgreens’ initiatives to solidify their position as the market leader will continue to be a tantalizing puzzle for the company’s corporate executives. REFERENCES Berman, D. (2007,  January  17). CVS Raises Caremark Bid, Pressuring Express Scripts. Wall Street Journal   (Eastern Edition),   p. A. 4. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from Wall Street Journal  database. (Document ID:  1195592291). Caremark Rx Inc. : Advisory Firm Urges Holders To Accept Offer From CVS. (2007,  March  14). Wall Street Journal   (Eastern Edition),   p. A. 12. Retrieved October 25, 2008, from Wall Street Journal  database. (Document ID:  1232229641). Lueck, S. (2007,  September  19). Politics Economics: Democrats to Revisit Medicare Provisions. Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition), p. A. 12. Retrieved October 23, 2008, from Wall Street Journal  database. (Document ID:  1337919191). Merrick, A. (2008,  March  19). How Walgreen Changed Its Prescription for Growth. Wall Street Journal   (Eastern Edition),   p. B. 1. Retrieved October 20, 2008, from Wall Street Journal  database. (Document ID:  1448083011). Merrick, A. (2008,  October  9). Walgreen Abandons Bid for Longs; Drug Chain Cites Weak Economy, Withdraws $2. 7 Billion Offer. Wall Street Journal   (Eastern Edition),   p. B. 1. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from Wall Street Journal  database. (Document ID:  1570234871). Stewart, J. (2006,  November  8). Common Sense: Letdown Over Deal By CVS, Caremark Offers Opportunity. Wall Street Journal   (Eastern Edition),   p. D. 2. Retrieved November 9, 2008, from Wall Street Journal  database. (Document ID:  1158307411). Porter, Michael E. (2008. Jan) â€Å"The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy. † Harvard Business Review. Porter, Michael E. (2008. Nov) â€Å"Why America Needs an Economic Strategy† Business Week Walgreens Annual Reports, The (2007, Dec 31). Questions and Answers for Shareholders. Retrieved October 10, from Walgreens Co. Website: http://files. shareholder. com/downloads/WAG/460812286x0x147120/C3FF93FD-4E51-4F5A-94FD-C0D058A9A911/Walgreen_AR_07. pdf Walgreens Annual Reports, The (2007, Dec 31). Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition. Retrieved October 10, from Walgreens Co. Website: http://files. shareholder. com/downloads/WAG/460812286x0x147120/C3FF93FD-4E51-4F5A-94FD-C0D058A9A911/Walgreen_AR_07. pdf