Late Adulthood Paper Essay Example for Free

Late Adulthood Paper EssayPeople everywhere the age of 65 score kaput(p) through a life of changes. He or she starts off as a young baby. He or she then develops into a growing child. into a young someone, and finally into a full giving. Now however is the hardest stage of any older individuals life, they start to realize that clip is contain and their life is slowly starting to decline and come to an end. This experience can be very frightening to the individual because the elderly psyche is noticing different changes and the emission of different of necessity. Changes not whole physically but socially are occurring, the need for straitlaced living accommodations, and health care are their new worries. With this world said there are many challenges not only when for the ageing individual but for the whole family as well. One of the social changes that elderly have to deal with is the changes in role and social position. Individuals who have lived a long life tend t o have a social status that is often taken away when they retire.This is due to the fact that the individual is no longer in the environment he or she is used to. To make this clearer one example would be someone who has worked for a company for thirty plus years. In these years the individual most likely has made countless friends, on top of that the individual might have been in position of authority. When the individual retires he or she loses the environment that made him the individual he or she was. Some adults go into a shock because they no longer have a exercise. Some feel like they are no longer needed, and often many older large number tend to feel neglected or left out of society (Zastrow, H. C., Oren, D.2009). It is a difficult time for the elderly. Because before they were needed, they had a purpose. Raised children, had a purpose in their career, and often had friends and peers that made their social life exciting. With these prevail remaining years this all star ts to fade away, friends, family, a loved one, and even their aver health. This is wherefore living in a nursing scale can be so beneficial. It is expected by the year 2050, that there will be rightful(prenominal) over one hundred million adults over the age ofsixty five (Administration of Aging, 2014).Currently there are just over twenty million adults of the age of sixty five years of age. What this means is that the need for facilities such as hospices and nursing homes, as well as other(a) health care related facilities will be on a rise as the years continue. Living accommodations in a nursing home whitethorn not be a farfetched idea for an elderly individual. This is because nursing homes have individuals just like their own. One reason most ripened citizens puzzle depressed is because they are often left alone, let us say their partner had passed away, most senior citizens withdraw from the world too. (2009). Nursing homes may allow new friendships and bonds to be form ed with people in their own age group. A nursing home or hospice is the perfect environment for an aging individual not only for the social aspect, but the health aspects as well. When an elderly adult lives alone his or her health will often be highly neglected. In a nursing or hospice home however, there are many great health benefits to take into consideration. According to Dependableathome (2009) the benefits of having an elderly adult in a nursing home is because of the environment is made for retired individuals.For one the nurses are all skilled, and highly equipped to handle aged individuals. These facilities allow for individuals to get work such as occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech and language services, as well as many other medical and social services that can ensure that the individuals needs are met as best as possible. These are all benefits to an individual that went through adjustment in both retirement and their relationship in marriage, family and pe er relationships. Adjustments into retirement can be difficult to overcome retirement is one of the hardest situations to adjust to. When a person retires, he or she realizes that their life is starting to come down. Often most individuals do not know what to do with their self. Often for most people it takes a while for them to adjust to being home all day Zastrow, H. C., Oren, D. (2009). They often try to find projects to do around the house but after a while a form of depression kicks in.Another transition they must face is their changes in marriage, their family, and their peer relationships. Often sooner or afterward a spouse will die, peers will start to die, and family starts to drift off. This is an inevitable process. When a spouse dies the individual usually withdraws from society. When peers start to die it is a bittersweet memorialization that their time is limited and the people they connected with in the past are no longer here. Family like children are full grown an d living their own lives, this often neglects the older adult and is usually left alone to spend his or her remaining years by him or herself. Senior citizens not only deal with these types of hardships but social political hardships as well. Adults who are retired have a tough task at hand indeed. Individuals who once were working no longer have near the income that they once had. Most retired adults made poor choices as into how to set an up a retirement plan. Thus most retired adults only have social security income. Surviving on social security income alone is nearly impossible.Thus there are many social policies, laws and programs aimed into trying to overhaul our retired world. Proper health care is one of the policies trying to be ensured to each retired adult. Proper health care will allow for ones kindle to be ensured into a proper nursing home.According to Administration of Aging. (2014), political issues that surround retired adults, include equipped and ensuring the p roper resources are available to retired adults. These resources include proper medical care. Proper institutions such as nursing homes are available in the right areas and environment, and to make sure the low income retired adults are getting the sustainment he or she needs. There are also plenty of organizations aimed to ensure and to fight potential cuts to the older population to ensure that these populations get what they rightfully deserve.(2014). On a final note, in our growing population the need for facilities such as hospices, and nursing homes are on all time rises.With this growing population many families have to deal with the inevitable loss of a loved one. This inevitable lose can be a very tough, and challenging time for any family. For families a nursing home may be a perfect solution to help a family member in his or her last phase, or journey if one may in life. For with this growing population there are many different needs and factors that contribute in the la ter adulthood stage. Well obvious needs and changes are biological some needs are not so obvious such changing needs both occur in social needs, and personality needs as well. Whatever the need may be it is important to take into consideration of each and every one of these retired individual are needs. Each one of these people have helped contribute in some sort of way into the growth of our hoidenish and we as a country need toensure that these people are getting the proper care they deserve.ReferencesAdministration of Aging. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.aoa.gov/Aging_Statistics/future_growth/future_growth.aspx Dependableathome. (2009). Retrieved from http//www.dependableathome.com/Zastrow, H. C., Oren, D. (2009). Understanding Human Behavior and the well-disposed environment (8th Ed.). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix EBook Collection Database

The Mystery of Edgar Allan Poes Works Essay Example for Free

The Mystery of Edgar Allan Poes Works EssayThesis StatementEdgar Allan Poe is considered to be whizz of the greatest and more or less brilliant American authors in history. Many people considered him the start master of the short story realise, and the father of the mysterious and the modern spy stories.OutlineI. An Introduction to Poe bearing and works.A. Due to Poes great works, many an some other(prenominal) writers were influenced by these works.II. The early career of Poe and how it affected his life.A. His parents died so Allan raised(a) him up. B. Allan ill-treated him and this affected his life and works afterwards.C. Poes education in England enriched his knowledge.D. Poe joined the University of Virginian and the army afterwards.III. What affected the works of Poe.A. Learning a lot of language enabled Poe from knowing different nations cultures and literature.B. Poe was good at the field of Art as well.C. Poe ingest to famous philosophers.IV. Analysis of the stories and poems of Poe.A. Poe was a baloneynted writer.B. He excelled in poetry and in legend and detective stories.V. Poe excelled in the field of detective stories, as he was the inventor of the short detective story.A. Many famous writers based their characters on Poes stories.B. The Murders in The Rue Morgue an suit to show the excellence of Poe in the filed of Short story.C. Another detective story The Purloined Letter.VI. The life of this great writer ended in New York after jocund the readers by his great works.ECLT 113 Mohamed Abdel RaoufPaper 2 Individual research projects 900-00-1018The Mystery of Edgar Allan Poes WorksEdgar Allan Poe is considered to be one of the greatest and most brilliant American writers in history. Many people considered him the father of the mysterious modern detective story, and the master of the short story form. The Works of this famous writer were remarkable to their flawless literary construction and for their haunting themes (The Columb ia Encyclopedia). Jeffrey Meyers states that this great writer was considered to be the first American Writer whose personal reputation influenced the reception of his work. He was also the hardly nineteenth century American writer whose poems and novels were valued more highly in Europe than in his homeland. However, In spite of each his great works, it was argued that the motive of these h every last(predicate)ucinating murders and that horror atmosphere must himself be evil, to incur so evil imagination (258).Edgar Allan Poes life is considered to be a story of misery and oddness. Edgar Allan Poe, the greatest writer that was ever born in the American history, was born in Boston on January 19, 1809. His parents whom were touring actors, both died in Poes early childhood, and the little boy Edgar Allan Poe was raised by a rich man whom was called John Allan (Funk Wagnalls Encyclopedia). Edgar had a brother whom was rover and a sister that have seemed to be mentally retarded ( Rieselbach 1), that is plausibly the reason why it was said afterwards that all the horrifying works of Poe were a result of an unstable mind. John Allan was a successful businessman from capital of Virginia, whom was works in the merchandise. Nevertheless, he ill-treated Edgar and confused the poor Edgar by alternately spoiling and scolding him.Edgar was taken to England to attend private schools there. Edgar was affected by the travels that the Allans make in England. Many Poes weird stories reflect his own experience like Why the Little frenchman took place in towns where he had lived and A Tale of The harry Mountains took place in Charlottesville (Meyers 8+). Furthermore, his poems reflected his miserable life with the Allans and his rift with them (Poe and Richmond). This proves that Poe have been taking his ideas and thoughts for his novels and poems from his own miserable life, that may be the cause of his invention of those awful and horrifying prospects in his short sto ries and novels.After staying in England more than thirteen years, Edgar was more sophisticated and cosmopolitan, and far better educated than his mates in Richmond (Meyers 14). The education of Edgar in England had a great effect on him as this education widened his horizon of writing, as he read in his childhood many books and novels to great writers. Poe returned to the United States and entered the University of Virginia. Allan gave him too little money to pay for his classes (Rieselbach 1). Nevertheless, he showed remarkable scho closingic ability in classical and romance languages but was oblige to leave the university after only eight months because he make a fight with Allan over his gambling debts (The Columbia Encyclopedia). After leaving the University of Virginia, he worked as a clerk for a while at a warehouse. Afterwards he joined the army, because the army would alleviate his poverty, offer security and provide the sanctioned necessities of the life (Meyer 32).What has the great affection in his lifetime is that he learned foreign languages as Latin, French, German, Spanish and Italian (Campbell 6+). He studied Latin when he was nine years old. He excelled in reading and writing Latin sharply. It is the same with his knowledge of French. He used to read works in French in the university of Virginia. Also his knowledge of German, Spanish and Italian made him talented in understanding the works of many of these countries writers, which made him talented in reading and writing stories and poems (Campbell 7+).Moreover, he was good at the field of fine arts as well. Poe knew music, painting, sculpture, theatre and saltation. He had been taking lessons in dancing and he sang well (Campbell 11). He was fond of the piano and of musical instruments in general. Poe early developed an interest in philosophy. Because he knew the German language, he was attracted to the philosophical thinking of the German philosophers. He knew about Kant, Hegel and Fichte (Campbell 12+). He drew ideas for his stories and poems from all the knowledge he had from the German philosophy. He also read to English philosophers as Bentham and Mill (Campbell 13).The works of Poe shows that Poe was a talented writer and a gifted poet. As an workout to his great success is that his first passel of poetry Tamerlane and Other Poems, which he have written when he was eighteen years old, is such a rare book now that a individual(a) copy worth two hundred thousand dollars (Wilson 1). Daniel Hoffman states that the writings of Poe demonstrates Poes critical mind, his analysis of the structure and texture of poetry, the need for all details of diction and form to contribute to single effect (1). Poe was considered to have influence on the literature of twenty cultures and on fifteen major writers around the world (Hoffman 1). Poes influence on European and American art has been extraordinarily wide. Poe had a short life and a few unfinished works however, he posse ssed great originality and imagination. His poems influenced the French symbolists and English writers (Meyers 280). Thus, he is considered to be one of the greatest writers in the full literature history.Poe wrote in many fields and in many ways and styles. He excelled at poetry and wrote great poems as The Raven. In addition to poetry, Edgar Allan Poe wrote many kinds of stories. However, Poe excelled at writing detective stories. His superiority at detective stories may be for the reason that he was fond of puzzles and mental games, and both his fiction and nonfiction often included such mental exercises (Unrue 3). He published tales of contracting, the first organism The Murders in The Rue Morgue and he introduced his famous character Auguste Dupin. These kinds of stories incorporate many of the themes and techniques Poe was developing all over his life (Unrue 3). This famous American writer spent a miserable living while inventing the modern detective story and science fictio n as well. He perfected the horror tale and wrote unforgettable stories, as his works continues to be a significant presence in world literature.Poe is considered the father of the modern detective story, as he was the first writer to put pen to paper and write his detective stories, and it is possibly that Poe was the inventor of the detective stories as Umberto Eco said that Edgar Allan Poe is considered by most detective fiction historians to be the founding father of the detective story, and his Murders in The Rue Morgue the worlds first detective story (179). His mind brought to reality the greatest stories in detection as The Murders in The Rue Morgue, The Purloined Letter, The Gold Bug and The Mystery of Marie Roget (Funk Wagnalls Encyclopedia).Not only did he write stories, but also he influenced by his stories the most brilliant writers in the field of detective story. Poe influence on Conan Doyle, the great writer that invented the character of Sherlock Holmes, cannot be disregarded. However, its obvious that Conan Doyle used the stories of Edgar Allan Poe as a guide in the begging of his writing because the character Sherlock Holmes have some similarities from Dupin, the character of Edgar Allan Poe. Moreover, Poe influenced Swinburne, the English poet, Dostoyevsky, the Russian novelist, and the French symbolists (The Columbia Encyclopedia). Many of Poes tales have been distinguished by the authors unique bizarre inventiveness in addition to his superb plot construction (Funk Wagnalls Encyclopedia).The Murders in The Rue Morgue is an excellent example of the detective story, which Poe had written. Stuart and Susan Levine stated in their book The Short Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe that in this tale, Dupin, Poes hero in his detective stories, is superior to the perfect of Police in that he logical. Dupin actually uses what looks like artistic inspiration to solve the problems posed by crime and conspiracy. If the private hideout of Dupin and the narra tor seems to be familiar, it is because subsequent writers have made it so. The idea of the heros hidden residence has passed into popular culture. Poe invented a great deal of the claptrap and many of the conventions of the modern detective stories. As Conan Doyle said Sherlock Holmes owed to more than to Dupin, as did the detective heroes of other writers(153). In this story, Dupin and the narrator first learn from an evening newspaper that Madame LEspanaye and her daughter Camille were murdered.Newspaper accounts the next day carry depositions by links of the victims and the people in the vicinity where the crime took place these conflicting accounts and the absence of usher lead the narrator and the police to consider the crime insolvable. Dupin, however, places an publicizing in the newspaper after having inspected the house where the woman and her daughter have been murdered. When a sailor in search of a missing orangutan, which has killed the victims, responds to the newsp aper advertisement, Dupin finds the dissolver to this murder, and after wards he explained the clews that led him to this solution. Dupins analytic method of solving the crime has made the tale a classic in the detective mystery genre. As the first detection in fiction, Dupin was the sample that Conan Doyles based on it his famous detective Sherlock Holmes (The Murders In The Rue Morgue 1).Another Example of Poes detective story is The Purloined Letter. This tale is also one of Poes vengeance stories Dupin has scores personal and political to settle. The tone of the closing paragraphs of the tale is bitter and the final allusion literally cantankerous (Stuart and Suzan Levine 154). As he did in the other tales of Poe The Mystery of Marie Roget and The Murders in The Rue Morgue, Dupin beat the police in solving these seemingly insoluble crimes.However, unlike the other tales, which involve murders of women, The Purloined Letter presents only petty thievery and trickery of the crim e. The Prefect of the Parisian Police actually knows the thief, but the letter had to be found in effect to protect the honor of a lady being blackmailed. The police department searches for the letter, but it appears that no one could found it. So the Prefect asks Dupin for help. And as usual, Dupin find the clue to this thievery and get the letter. Afterwards Dupin explains what has been the reason that led him to that solution (The Purloined Letter 1).These evidence and examples shows that Edgar Allan Poe was the inventor of the detective short story and his main character, Dupin, was the prototype that all the subsequently writers used him and invented their characters upon as Sherlock Holmes. And this success was a product of his hard work and also because of his talents. Edgar Allan died on Sunday, October 7, 1849 at the age of fourty. Poes spent his last days in a New York hospital, after taking an alcoholic overdose, became unconscious, suffered delirium tremens, fell into a coma and died four days later. Poes life was not very long, however during this short lifetime, he enriched the American Culture and all the world culture with many stories and poems that are still discussed and criticized by people all around the world. Poe (Meyers 255).Works CitedCampbell, Killis. The Mind of Poe and Other Studies. Cambridge, MAHarvard University Press, 1933.This book introduces to the reader seven papers that were published and talking about Poe. These papers are contemporary Opinion of Pe, The Poe-Griswold Controversy, The Poe Canaon, The Backgrounds of Poe, Self-Revelation in Poes Poems and Tales, The Origins of Poe and The Mind of Poe.Eco, Umberto, and Thomas A. Sebeok, eds. The Sign of Three. Bloomington Indiana University Press, 1983.This book discusses the detective stories and that Dupin (Edgar Allan Poes detective character), Sherlock Holmes and Peirce were the greatest character invented by writers in the whole history. The book also discusses how Conan Doyle, before writing Holmes stories, used the stories of Edgar Allan Poe as a guide to him and he was very impressed by Dupin.Edgar Allan Poe Museum. Nov. 2000. Clever Net. 1 may 2001. http//www.poemuseum.orgThe Museum of Edgar Allan Poe on the Internet. It contains all the works of Edgar Allan Poe and his biographical information.Hoffman, Danile. Poe As Critic, Poe Abroad. Sewanee Review. 108.2 (2000) 11 pars.2 May 2001. Academic Search elite groupAn article that includes the review of books of Edgar Allan Poe and his literary theory and upbraidings. It also includes Poes influence on the non American writers as Conan Doyle and H.G. Wells.Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe His Life and Legacy. New York. Charles Scribners Sons.,1992.The complete biographical information about Poe. This book includes extendedly the life of Poe and the circumstances of his life and death.Poe, Edgar Allan. Funk Wagnalls Encyclopedia. Versaware.2 May 2001 http//www.funkandwagnalls.comAn article of the biography of Poe.Poe, Edagr Allan. The Columbia Encyclopedia. Six Edition. 2001. Columbia University Press. 2 May 2001. http//www.bartlebay.comSome biographical information about Edgar Allan Poe.Rieselbach, Erik. Poe, Edagr Allan Bibliography. American Spectator. 26.3 (1993) 58 pars. 2 May 2001. Academic Search EliteAn article that discuss the life of Poe and what reasons lead him to write his novels and poems. The article also include the evidence of the influence of Poe on other writers.Sturat, and Susan Levine. The Short Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe. Indianapolis The Bobbs-Merrill Company Inc., 1976.The book introduces the fiction and detective stories that Edgar Allan Poe wrote in his life. It also gives short analysis and criticism to those stories and the circumstances of this tale.The Murders In The Rue Morgue. Academic Search Elite. Magill Book Reviews.5 May 2001 Academic Search EliteThe complete analysis of the story The Murders in the Rue Morgue that wrote by Edgar as an example of short detective story.The Purloined Letter. Academic Search Elite. Magill Book Reviews.5 May 2001 Academic Search EliteThe complete analysis of The Purloined Letter which was written by Poe as another good example for the short detective stories wrote by Poe.Unrue, Darlene Harbour. Edgar Allan Poe The Romantic as Classicist. internationalistic Jouranl of The Classical Tradition. 1.4 (1995) 112 pars. 2 May 2001. Academic Search EliteThis article reveals that Edgar Allan Poe measured romantic stance determinedly against the objectivity and rationality of the classical. Distinction on the use of romantic materials and themes between Poe and gothic writers.Wilson, James Southall. A Summary of Facts Known about Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe Museum. 5 May 2001. http//www.poemuseum.org

A Self Reflection Paper Analysis Social Work Essay

A Self radiateion Paper Analysis Social Work actCritically comment upon humps in terms of my own commission experience and experience working within the organisation. My practicum was undertaken at Lifeline Community C be Queensland, Fraser regularise in telephone counsellor role. To be eligible for a placement within the telephone focusing area, a Lifeline Telephone Counselling pedagogy course must first be completed. I was fortunate that I had completed the training a little over two years ago. non only did I set some the basic training, but I was also a current volunteer in other roles within the telephone counselling area. I benefited from being familiar with the organisation, the relevant policies and procedures, and a number of staff members. I did not have to go through new person difficul soak ups. I believe I have a good working relationship with my supervisors. New learning activities included undertaking computer supervision, sit-in supervision and support, and p roviding administrative support. Continuous reading, self assessment and reflection, along with the keeping of journal notes proved in priceless to my learning and skills development.Discuss in light of relevant theoretical plans and look intoWithout it being stated Lifeline telephone counselling uses a lymph node directed outcome informed approach (Duncan, milling machine Sparks, 2004). In training we are educated in the principles of the caller-ups story and of the need to explore with the caller their options, past coping and/or solutions to address their issue. The telephone counselling training details the Carl Rogers concept of unconditional positive regard (Lifeline Training Manual, 2009), without which it may be impossible to build the rapport needed to establish a counselling relationship. There is no measure of the run provided or feedback requested from callers to the 13 11 14 crisis line service. The Outcome Rating Scale and Session Rating Scale (Duncan, Miller Sp arks, 2004) are perhaps not entirely suitable for this purpose, but might be adapted in order to provide a feedback mechanism. Some callers vanish you with genuinely can indication of how they believe the call went and what was procured. However in other cases I am left wondering about client satisfaction. As the service is a crisis line, there is no fortune to follow through with a client.Scott Miller (1997), in his audio CD, Working with man attendd clients, identifies three types of clients the Customer, 15% of clients, the Browser, 65% of clients and the Visitor, 20% of clients. In telephone counselling terms I relate the customer callers to those who are in the preparation stage of change and ring to achieve clarity, for support and/or someone to listen and guide them in their planned action. The browser callers can describe the problem in detail, but appear to be stuck, this category would include the yes, but callers. The last group, the visitor caller, does not identif y as having whatever problem themselves, everyone has a problem with them. Some of the callers I have spoken to, for example, some callers with mental illness concerns, perpetrators of domestic violence, and callers who encompass their drug and alcohol issues, I would place in this group.Reflect on own experience and learning in light of interrogation and theory.As the role of telephone counselling was go to sleepn to me, I was in a position to begin tautologic reading from the commencement of the practicum placement. I chose material that I thought would provide relevant training to the provision of the 13 11 14 crisis telephone service and to improve my general association. My supervisor suggested that as many as 85% of callers had a mental illness, not that all callers with an identified mental illness expose that as their reason for calling. In light of this high number I began my reading list with The everything health guide to adult bipolar disorder (Bloch, 2006) and A family intervention guide to mental illness (Morey Muser, 2007). These two books coupled with the Clinicians Thesaurus (Zuckerman, 2005) provided valuable information which helped to guide my questions to callers, in order to better understand their issues and expectations of their call.Callers at risk of suicide require a very high level of attention, these calls are stressful and can be challenging. My initial training in dealings with suicide was comprehensive. I later completed the Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (LivingWorks, 2004). Ongoing reading into the issues of suicide, loss and grief have improved my knowledge and in turn helped me to gain a greater understanding of the pain and suffering experienced by the person at risk and their families. The need for empathetic listening is take a shitly outlined in McKissock McKissock (1995) Coping with Grief and Appleby (1992) Surviving the Pain after Suicide, both are small easy to read, and relevant books.Reflec t/examine journal entries as a whole. Go back over your supervision journal noting the main themes and patterns of thought as well and incidents and insights.Reference material, for example, worthy a Helper (Corey Corey, 2009) and the Clinicians Thesaurus (Zuckerman, 2005) outline informed consent, detailing what a client may expect regarding confidentiality, of their rights within the counselling relationship and the decision fashioning process. Clients are also informed of the limitations of confidentially. This is not the case in telephone counselling, where confidentially is implied. In cases where natural law or medical interventions are required, this can take an ethical and/or moral dilemma. If the caller has disclosed much(prenominal) issues that it goes against the morals of the telephone counsellor, the supervisor on call, and/or society, would it be better not to report the suicide in progress? In telephone counselling there is no opportunity to pick your calls, you cannot be a specialist in any one area. It is necessary to have the skills to work with callers on a wide range of issues. The concept of unconditional positive regard is questioned when I am confront with a caller who is drunk, abusive or is clearly sex caller (a caller who discloses unwanted explicit detail).In some cases there is a clear breach of client confidentiality, such as the case when the telephone counsellor on shift, promised the caller that she would not contact the police (journal entry 17 October 2010), all the same after his disclosed that he had already taken a higher than recommended dose of medication and had a history of mental illness. After contacting Poisons Information it was clear that the callers life was at risk and intervention was required. Perhaps this could be viewed as the telephone counsellor, not calling the Police, but as the action of contracting the police was undertaken by another. The clients confidentiality was technically breached several times, in the TC providing me with details, in my providing the Police with the callers information and in consultation with the supervisor.Two books which have proved very valuable as resources are the Clinicians thesaurus (Zuckerman, 2005) as quick fictional character including treatment for specific disorders and concerns and a Listing of common psychiatric and psychoactive drugs. The other reference is People in Crisis (Hoskinson, 2000), which has proven to be extremely helpful. I use the book to ground me, when I am seeking reassurance that I am on track, when I am faced with a challenging issue or when I am exposed to issues where I am little or no experience.Analyse your experiences and record any modifications of your views.Overall I enjoyed the roles and activities undertaken in the practicum with Lifeline and I believe that the experience was a very valuable learning experience. redundant reading undertaken improved my general knowledge of many of the issues raised by ca llers. Although, only one counselling approach is used in telephone counselling, strengths base approach, this is similar to the solution focused approach that I believe will become my favoured counselling approach. This belief is based on my limited experience to date and on the feedback from callers when they find their own solutions. It is gratifying to hear the light bulb moment when callers realise what they have or can achieve.Ongoing training and development, such as at the Wide Bay Womens Centre, which provides DVD viewing and networking opportunities, the Lifeline In Service Training and the GOSS nights are relevant and beneficial, as they present information that is generally immediately applicable in my role as a telephone counsellor. The Huntingtons Disease National Conference in September highlighted the art of listening. Of the problems associated with not listening with full attention, jumping ahead and interrupting the speaker and of the importance of asking the rig ht questions and of avoiding complex questions. The National Lifeline National Conference in November provided a greater insight into suicide streak strategies. It was inspiring to hear from some great speakers such as Professor Brian Mishara, who spoke about suicide prevention and help lines. The Lifeline Suicide Prevention Strategy was launched and a copy of the new booklet was supplied. The motivational speaker, Maggie Mackellar, the author of When it rains, spoke about her experiences. I was very fortunate to have the opportunity to speak privately with her and to purchase a signed copy of her book.Review your experiences in light of any relevant research and theory that relates to the themes you have observed and highlight the implications and learning for your personal development.In a client directed, outcome informed approach to counselling there is a focuses on the relationship with the client and the clients additional therapeutic factors (Duncan, Miller Sparks, 2004). Co rey Corey (2009) suggest that when we engage with a client we are not consciously thinking about what theory we are using. Rather we adjust to fit the client taking into account their willingness to engage and the trust we establish together. In telephone counselling this is referred to as building rapport and exploring caller options (Lifeline Training Manual, 2009), the telephone counsellor works with the client to understand the problem from the clients point of view, and to explore with the client what they wish to achieve and to discuss the ways they can achieve their goal.Boylan Scott (2009) describe brief therapies a descriptive summary which could also be applied to define the functions of telephone counselling provided by the 13 11 14, Lifeline Crisis Line. The service provides short term, crisis support. There is not follow up contact or counselling and no client measurable feedback.Essay should demonstrate learning that is based on both experience and theory/research.In this placement with Lifeline, telephone counselling, I was able to tie together past life and work experiences, Lifeline training, academic study and general reading. In a crisis line telephone counselling service, you never know what the next call will bring, however the extra reading has provided a greater knowledge and understanding of the some papers, but it is only is in the praxis of asking of better questions of the caller that any real benefit is gained.In applying a client directed outcome informed approach (Duncan, Miller Sparks, 2004), the caller is recognised as the expert on their problem. A relationship (rapport) with the caller cannot be established without first listening and seeking to understand the callers issues from perspective, while valuing and respecting their position. motley is driven by the caller and it is important that their ideas about options, management and change are explored. The need for empathy and caring and the ability to reduce the callers stress while providing an opportunity the caller to speak openly regarding their problems is paramount.I have long been aware of the need of self reflection and self care, the importance of which has been reinforced during this placement, along with the essential requirement to keep reading, questioning and learning. I was very fortunate in having good support from my supervisors, I was able to debrief, question and discuss any topic or issue as it arose.My conclusion at the competition of CDS3000 practicum is that I remain a work in progress. I believe that I am a competent telephone counsellor, but I wonder if this will translate to face-to-face counselling.

Tourism Education And Work Experience

touristry Education And Work ExperienceTourism education supply has faced a rapid growth everywhere the past three decades (Micheal Morgan, 2004). It is a global phenomenon (Joseph Joseph, 2000) and the reason behind is to guarantee qualified and well trained employees on the touristry practice session market as demands keep on growing (M.S, Mohd Zahari, 2004). Both the government and the private sector play an crucial affair in the provision of touristry education at secondary and tertiary direct. In Mauritius, touristry education undergoes a pyramid-type program system meaning that touristry curricula is available a secondary programme, diploma, undergraduate and graduate(prenominal) programmes (Tertiary Education Commission, 2010).Tourism education has been criticized for producing a tourism workforce regardless of the quality. Quality workforce is of great influence as it plays a key role in organizations neating customers expectations and satisfaction (Evans Lindsay , 1999 Zeithaml et al., 1990). As students embark on tourism education programmes, it is anticipate that they come out with high quality knowledge, skills and the ability to meet the needs of the attention (Goeldner and Ritchie, 2006 Harris and Zhao, 2004 Kok, 2000). Szambowski et al (2002) put forward that significant emphasis should be placed on students gaining practical experience outside the classroom learn environment. further, increase in offers for tourism education has raised an alarm about graduates having difficulties in finding a tourism job in the coming decades. simply still, the industry needs the services of qualified and committed workforce to impact tyrannically on customers satisfaction of experience.To meet the industry demand, work experience has been added to tourism curricula to equip students with the technical, operational and professional skills under the form of internship. Bullock, Gould and Hejmadi (2009, p. 482) cited that internships have enhanced their understanding of their own life choices, enabled the acquisition of transferable skills and provided a tangible get in touch between theory and application. It is the tool that gives students the opportunity to examine calling possibilities in a real and real conception environment and to explore a come-at-able fit with a particular enterprise (Kapoor, 2000 Waryszak, 1999).Several searches were carried out in accordance to work experience and its importance in the tourism and hospitality perspective. It is crucial concord to Getz (1994) to investigate how work experience changes side and detection of students towards tourism and hospitality c argonrs. Demonte Vaden (1987) stated that the factor that had the greatest influence on students decision for a tourism career was work experience. Further findings supposed that it may discourage students to enter the industry, instead of them escorting forward to pursue a tourism career (Busby, 2003 Boud, Solomon Symes, 20 01).Tourism as an employerThere has been a rapid ascendancy of tourism to the worlds largest industry since the whole world continues to travel in a robust manner. Tourism as a sector has grown more rapidly than the total employment in the world economy (WTO, 2005 WTTC, 2005a). It is a service oriented industry, ground on a labor intensive production system, meaning that employees play a major role in the delivery of products and services that influence the boilersuit tourism experience (Chellen Nunkoo).Statistics depict out that world tourism employment is estimated at 258.6 million year to date, which is approximately 8,3% of total employment and it is forecasted to increase by a percentage of 2.3% per annum, to reach a figure of 323.9 million by 2021. These jobs include both direct and indirect employment (Justin Matthew Pang, 2010).Direct employment refers to the jobs component in the creation of the business itself while indirect jobs refer to businesses producing goods and services that assist in supplying visitors and travelers directly (Justin Matthew Pang, 2010). Direct employment in the tourism industry is 99 million to date and it is forecasted to increase to 120 million by 2021 (WTTC, 2007). In Mauritius, for the year 2011, total tourism employment is figured at 28 039 (Survey of employment and Earnings in large Establishments). Beside such statistics, Li (2007) put forward that there will be a shortage of endowment in the industry but this goes in contradiction to what Evans (1993) and Busby (1994) mentioned. They both put forward that the trend on increasing application for tourism cogitate courses will accordingly, result in a surplus of graduates on the tourism labor market.Tourism has proved to be a major employer and contributor to the world economy. But still, the tourism industry is being criticized for creating low skilled and low paid jobs with low satisfaction, high level of staff turnover, waste of trained military group and limit ed scope for promotion (Kusluvan and Kusluvan, 2000 Chellen and Nunkoo, 2010 Richardson, 2008 Richardson 2009 Roney and -ztin, 2007). Such critics give rise to one of the major challenge of the industry which is to attract and retain qualified and motivated staff.Employers crossways the world, whether large or small, face the same challenge attracting and retaining people with the right skills and individualal attitudes and attributes to deliver a quality experience to tourists. It is a sensible content for the industry as the tourism sector depends much on people (Baum, 1999). One of the reasons why there is such a need for people is because of the constitution of its guest services and also its late adoption of technology and newfangled management dish (Bull, 1995). This global phenomenon of attracting and retaining qualified workforce was once an isolated subject for some markets but it has made its way through, to the whole world industry.Although there is much literature about tourism, there is very few addressing students attitude and intelligence to further a career in the industry (Roney and -ztin, 2007). Now that the phenomenon is widely spread, the need to investigate on the issue is becoming more and more important for the whole tourism universe. According to Chellen and Nunkoo (2010), this would be helpful to get a clear view of the status of tourism jobs in the human resources planning process for the tourism sector. While working on tourism and hospitality workforce development programs, knowing tourism job status is deemed bringing more true statement for the preparation of inline strategies. Human Resource plans focuses on the employment needs of large international tourism organization, especially in hospitality, neglecting how students perceive tourism as an employer. It is necessary for tourism and hospitality providers to attend to one of their most precious assets, namely, their human resource, if they want to be competitive on t he marketplace. In fact it has been argued that without employees having a positive attitude towards their work, there is minimal chance for the organization to achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty, thus an advantage over competitors (Rosentbluth, 1991 Zeithaml Bitner, 1996).Various researchers have been questioning the reluctance of many students to embark themselves in a career in the tourism and hospitality industry. They demoralizeed to investigate in secondary and tertiary institutions, where the potential new recruits are show. Students from secondary schools were those who were the least exposed to experience in the tourism industry. Ross (1994) conducted a research in a secondary school in Australia and results showed that they had high level of interest in working at management level the tourism industry. Further researches were carried out at tertiary level as well as vocational institutions. Barron and Maxwell (1993) studied the perception of new and continuing s tudents at Scottish higher education institutions and found that while students recognized the career opportunities affiliated to the tourism and hospitality industry, the majority could not foresee a long-term career in the industry. This is further confirmed by Johns and McKechnie, (1995) who stated that 50% of students take up careers out of the industry upon completion of their studies. Richardson (2008) research on Australian students revealed that more than 50% of tourism and hospitality undergraduate students were already contemplating careers outside the industry. According to Richardson (2009) the students look for job in more remunerative sectors upon graduation. Bloome (2006) cited that many students who embark on a tourism and hospitality platform do not join the tourism and hospitality industry upon graduation. Students complained not having the opportunity to develop managerial skills in tourism jobs according to Purcell Quinn (1995) while Casado (1992) investigate d the basic expectations of students in the tourism and hospitality sector, and found their expectation to be fairly realistic before graduation. Students failing to integrate the industry for work result in wastage of trained and experienced personnel and in a higher place all, high staff turnover (Doherty, Guerrier, Jamieson, Lashley Lockwood, 2001 Jenkins, 2001 Pavesic Brimer, 1990 Zacerreli, 1985).According to Kusluvan (2001), it is important to understand the attitude of students in order to gain an insight as to why many of them are disinclined to join the line or choose to leave the industry after a relatively short period. In order to understand this, Kusluvan (2003), states that it is important to see the perspectives of students who are currently pursuing a tourism and hospitality curriculum and those who have graduated. For the purpose of this research, only those ongoing a tourism curriculum will be questioned.Students opinion about jobs in the tourism sector get them to be reluctant in majoring a career in the tourism industry. Gu et al (2007) conducted a research in China and the students claimed that career development in the tourism and hospitality industry was not sufficiently promising. Furthermore, according to a research in China (Jiang and Tribe, 2009), students classified tourism job a short-lived profession. They were not committed to develop a career in the field where the nature of the tourism job itself, clearly affects their decision. Un exchangeablely, there are actually, six million people employed in the tourism and hospitality industry in China. The statistics for tourism job in the country is forecasted to rise by one million in the next ten years.Students commitment to tourism jobs is what determines the successfulness of the sector on a worldwide avenue. As per Roney and -ztin (2007), students commitment is one of the major factors that shape the image of the tourism industry positively. Through exposure to the industry, to urism and hospitality students become considerably less interested in selecting tourism and hospitality as their first choice for a career (Kusluvan Kusluvan, 2000 Getz, 1994). Students compare their expected career goals to the offer of the tourism industry, and as they notice the negative gap between those two, their interest for the industry deteriorates. Their images of the industry include poor treatment of staff, miniscule or no training given, and effort outweighing rewards. For students who choose tourism education as first choice and having a clear view of what they will be facing in reality, their attitude towards working in the industry are positive (Lu and Adler, 2009). Those who embark on a tourism education trek without realistic knowledge of the career opportunities and working conditions, claim that they would have not done so if they had a proper career guidance and orientation right from the start at secondary level (Roney -ztin, 2007). Hence according to Kusluv an and Kusluvan, proper measures like efficient career guidance and orientation, written exam supplemented by interviews, psychometric tests like personality and service orientation tests, should be adopted to reduce uncertainties of future tourism students about tourism job.Most research pertaining to students perception and attitude towards the tourism industry end up stating that tourism students or fresh graduates had a negative image of the sector as an employer. Kusluvan Kusluvan certified his works by evince that students have an unfavorable evaluation towards different dimensions of working in the tourism industry. According to Getz (1994), the percentage of people who considered the hospitality attractive decreased from 43% to 29% over the periods 1978 1992. This represents a nearly half percentage decrease in the statistics. Most hospitality graduates have been found to believe that a number of foreign factors, such as poor working conditions, high pressure, long worki ng hours, and a lack of motivation, training programs, and career opportunities, may contribute to poor employment aspirations, high turnover rates, and the wastage of educational investment (e.g., Kang and Gould, 2002 Jenkins, 2001). This should be a cause for concern since attitudes are considered to be effective prefigureors of intention and behavior (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980), and negative attitude would make students less willing to look for tourism jobs.Several books and journals have been published on tourism, but very few were to address the issue of tourism students perception towards the tourism and hospitality industry in Mauritius. To enlighten the situation in Mauritius, this paper seeks to identify the factors influencing students perception and attitude towards furthering a career in the tourism sector in Mauritius. Though there is a lack of such literature pertaining to developing countries, the paper will try to adapt the research to the country which is a developi ng one and as well the fastest growing region in global tourism (Chellen Nunkoo).This paper aims at poring over the attitude and perception of tourism undergraduate students towards a career in the tourism industry in Mauritius. To further understand how attitude and perception helps to predict ones intention to integrate the industry, this paper will make use of the Theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991), which predicts behaviour by intention. Then, to strictly measure the students attitude and perception, an dick of 9 dimensions adapted from that developed and tested by Kusluvan Kusluvan (2000) will be used. The 9 dimensions are classified as nature of work, social status, industry person congeniality, physical working condition, pay and fringe benefits, co-workers, promotion opportunity, managers and commitment. Two likely studies have been carried out in Mauritius by Chellen and Nunkoo (2010) and a University of Mauritius tourism graduate (2011). However this paper, in ad dition to the 9 dimensions of Kusluvan and Kusluvan (2000), bring up the issue of work experience for differentiation, as a tool capable of shaping students attitude and perception towards a career in the industry upon graduation.

Biometric Identification

Biometric Identification BIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATIONIntroductionThe escalating threat of global terrorism and narcoterrorism in the twenty-first century has generated considerable changes in the identification of suspected criminals. One of the technological highlights in this regard has been biometric identification. Biometrics refers to the science of identifying human being by analyzing biological traits or corporeal characteristics (Bolle, 2004). This paper describes the most widely-used forms of biometric identification and pre directs the advantages and disadvantages of each.Advantages and Disadvantages of Biometric Systems Biometric identification is an automated method used to recognize a person based on behavioral or physiologic characteristics (Tipton Krause, 2004). Behavioral characteristics include voice or handwriting. Physiological characteristics include fingerprint, iris, or hand geometry.1. Fingerprint analysis The most commonly known biometric system is a the finger print analysis (Bolle, 2004). The principle here is that each individuals set of fingerprints is unique. This method requires a user to place his or her finger onto a reader. The persons fingerprint is s targetned and sent to a database where it will be comp ard, identified, and verified. Fingerprint engineering science is widely used today in law enforcement, banking, and in merchandising. The biggest strength of this method is its high accuracy and low incidence of false acceptance and its low cost. However, fingerprint technology is said to have a high false rejection rate (where valid users are incorrectly rejected access). Sometimes, the technology does not recognize accurately in case of hand trauma, age, or disease.2. Hand geometry The hand geometry identification method is the entropy most commonly used biometric tool (Jain, Ross, Pradhakar, 2004). Basically, it analyzes finger length and the edge of a hand. Hand biometric requires a person to place his or her hand on t he device which has pegs to lay the hand on. When the hand is put properly in place, the device scans and checks the database for identification or verification. While the hand biometric device is easy to integrate, use, and can even work despite dirty hands, the technology is expensive, has low accuracy level, cannot read when hand is injured or has suffered from trauma, or when a person has arthritis.3. Retina technologyThe concept is that it is practically impossible to counterfeit a human retina. The scanner analyzes capillary vessels situate in the back of the eye. Retina biometrics requires the person to place his or her eye close to a scanner and as the device scans, to focus on a specific point plot being still (Jain, Ross, Pradhakar, 2004). The bidding takes 10-15 minutes. Retina technology has a very high accuracy rate. However, it is a sensitive process, expensive, and quite uncomfortable for those who wear glasses.4. Voice technology Voice biometrics analyzes the lea n or tone of a persons voice. Voice biometrics fall into two categories voice recognition and speech recognition. Voice recognition analyzes quality of the voice while speech recognition interprets what a person says (Jain, Ross, Pradhakar, 2004). The advantages of this system is that is it non-invasive and not susceptible to error due to a cold. However, its accuracy may be compromised with the presence of acoustics in the room and increased age.ConclusionBiometric identification includes methods such as fingerprint technology, hand geometry, retina analysis, and voice recognition. Although biometric identification is undeniably cutting edge technology, there are disadvantages present that is inherent with any modern technological systems.ReferencesBolle, R. (2004). Guide to biometrics. New York Springer.Jain, A. K., Ross, A., Prabhakar, S. (eds.) (2004). An introduction to biometric recognition. In IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology (14th ed.). New Yo rk Springer.Tipton, H. K. Krause, M. (eds.) (2004). entropy security management handbook. New York CRC Press.

The Evil Rooted In Women :: essays research papers fc

Chaucer, in his female pilgrimage thought of women as having an evil-like quality, that they always tempt and take from men. They were depicted of untrustworthy, egocentric and vain. Through the faults of both men and women, Chaucer showed what is right and wrong and how one should live. Under the surface, however, lies a jaded look of women and how they cause for the downfall of men. (chuckiii, 4) Chaucer obviously had very arrogant views of the manners and behaviors of women and expressed it strongly in The Canterbury Tales. In his collection of tales, he portrayed two extremes in his prospect of women. The Wife of Bath represented the spendthrift and lusty woman where as the abbess represented the admirable and devoted followers of church. (Chaucer, 8) Chaucer delineated the two characters contrastingly in their appearances, general manners, education and close evidently in their behavior toward men. Yet, in the midst of disparities, both tales left its readers with an unsol ved enigma. The Wife of Bath represents the "liberal" extreme in regards to female stereotypes of the philia Ages.(chuckiii, 4) Unlike most women being anonymous during the Middle Ages, she has a mind of her own and voices herself. Furthermore, she thinks extremely highly of herself and enjoys showing off her Sunday clothes whenever the prospect arises. She intimidates men and women alike due to the power she possesses. Because of her obnoxious attitude Chaucer makes her toothless, fat and large. Doubtlessly, she is very ugly, almost to the point of "not-presen fudge." The Prioress, on the other hand, serves as a bilk to the Wife of Bath. Chaucer describes her as "tenderhearted" who can not bear the sight of pain or physical suffering. She will cry at the thought of a dog dying. It could represent that she has a frail soul with low tolerance for pain and suffering.(fordham, 16) The latter description carries over into the modern stereotypes about women as frisky and afraid members of society who need to be cared for. (Fordham, 16) Chaucer paints a very delicate and elegant picture of the Prioress. Her manners of eating are far from the brutish festivals of the time. Chaucer describes her table manners as very graceful, not a drop of anything would fall from her mouth, and she was very polite when taking thing at the table. (lines 131-4). Chaucers last description of Prioress - the letter "A" around her neck that stood for "Amor vincit omnia" meaning "Love conquers all.

Shakespeares Presentation Of Claudius In Hamlet Essay -- William Shak

Shakespeares Presentation Of Claudius In Hamlet Hamlet opens with the death of Old fagot Hamlet, Father of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. The new tycoon, Claudius, brother of the previous king has married Gertrude, the dead mans widow and has taken the throne. Shakespeare presents Claudius as the fetchs damned smiley villain although he does allow him some redeeming features leading an audience to view him as a compound and contradictory figure within the play. After Old King Hamlet dies Claudius is crowned king of Denmark and talks to the people as though he has sympathy and is saddened by his brothers death and that it is us befitted to bear out hearts in grief, and our whole kingdom to be continued in one brow of woe. However, he comes across as insincere as he marries his brothers wife so soon after the funeral. Claudius is sly and clever as he counters possible electric resistance to his marriage by flattering his court thanking them for their b etter wisdoms, which have freely gone with this affair For the same reasons he turns his attention to the threat of invasion by Fortinbras and shows himself to be an excellent king knowledgeable, organised and efficient in dealing with the imminent attack by diplomatic means. The kings treachery is revealed when the ghost of Old King Hamlet appears to Hamlet who talks very much of his hate of his brother, Claudius The serpent that did sting thy fathers life now wears the crown. Referring to Claudius as a serpent who plays around infra you, very deceptive and sly. Claudius has committed two crimes of murder, Fratricide- murder of his brother and Regicide- murder of the ki... ..., I am but hurt. Hamlet kills Claudius by forcing him to drink the poison his contract has drank. Hamlet is not an unprincipled murderer and traitor, Claudius is Claudius has manipulated Laertes and deserved to die by Hamlet, as it was an act of revenge and justice for the murd er of his father. Claudius is the obvious villain of the play presented by Shakespeare as a contradictory character with clear strengths and weaknesses. He possesses excellent leadership qualities, is diplomatic, determined and clever but beneath this impressive common image he is cowardly, deceptive, murderous and duplicitous. He is therefore presented as a complex character throughout the play. Shakespeares presentation of Claudius allows him to explore human nature and the themes of corruption, coming into court and reality and political intrigue.